Kuzindatshana eziningi ezihlobene ne- isikhathi sokuma komhlaba siqambe igama izikhathi eziningi Ulwandle lwaseThetis. Lolu ulwandle olugeze idolobha laseCabra, okwenza leli dolobha libe indawo eyintandokazi yabatshuzi abangochwepheshe. Futhi ezikhathini zasendulo, yonke le ndawo yayigezwa ngamanzi aziwa ngokuthi i-Tethys Sea noma i-Tethys Ocean. Iwumthombo wamanzi amaningi futhi iyisikhungo sokuphila esaphawula umlando kanye nesimo seplanethi yethu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici nokubaluleka okwakukhona olwandle lwaseTethys.
Umlando wolwandle lwaseTethys
I-Tethys Sea yayiyinqwaba yamanzi ecishe ilingane ne-Asia. Yakhiwe cishe cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-250 edlule lapho wonke amazwekazi oMhlaba ehlangene ezwenikazi lase-super elaziwa ngegama lePangea. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi leli zwekazi elikhulu lakhiwe futhi linomumo ongu-C. Ngaleso sikhathi, uLwandle lwaseTethys lwaluwumzimba wamanzi ahlala ngaphakathi kwezwekazi futhi aluzungeza ezinhlangothini ezintathu. Kwakuwulwandle oluphakathi nezwe olunezici zamanzi afudumele, angashoni. Nokho, laligcwele izidalwa zasolwandle, izixhobo zamakhorali, amakhorali anemibala eminingi, iziqhingi zemvelo, njll.
Ngamafuphi, singasho ukuthi uLwandle lwaseThetis lwaluwumzimba omkhulu wamanzi olayishwe ngezilwane nezitshalo zempilo nokuthi ngokuqinisekile laliyobe lidume kakhulu ukube lalikhona namuhla. Linjalo-ke inani lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo lolu lwandle olwalukuzo ukuthi izidalwa eziningi ezazihlala kulolu lwandle zigcinwa namuhla ngezinsalela. Yonke le mivubukulo iyabonakala eJurassic Cabra Interpretation Center. Lesi sikhungo sifana nokuhambela okwedlule nokukwazi ukubona izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezazikhona kulolu lwandle.
Siyazi ukuthi uLwandle lwaseThetis lwaluyisizinda sezwekazi elikhulu, kepha nengaphandle lalizungezwe ngamanzi. Kulokhu ulwandle lwalubizwa ngePanthalassa futhi yilokho namuhla okwaziwa ngokuthi iPacific Ocean. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi iPacific Ocean ayinkulu njengoba ibonakala, kodwa kufanele sazi ukuthi ithatha cishe ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke umhlaba.
Ukuvela kolwandle lwaseTethys
Siyakwazi lokho ngenxa imibukiso ye-convection kwengubo yoMhlaba kunokunyakaza kwamapuleti ama-tectonic aziwa ngokuthi Ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi. Lokhu kukhukhuleka kwezwekazi kubangele ukuqhekeka kwezwekazi elikhulu iPangea kanye nokwehlukana okulandelayo nokuhanjiswa kwamapuleti ezwekazi ngobukhulu bolwandle. Kumele sazi ukuthi uLwandle iMedithera lwaqala ukwakhiwa kusuka olwandle olukhulu lwaseThetis. Iningi lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona oLwandle iMedithera litholwa ngofuzo oluya eTethys Ocean. Noma kunjalo, Kwakungelona uLwandle iMedithera olufanayo esilwaziyo namuhla, Kunalokho, kwakungamanzi amaningi agcwala ingxenye yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia neYurophu, ngaleso sikhathi eyayingelutho nje kuphela ngaphandle kweziqhingi zeziqhingi.
Ngazo zonke izilwane, izitshalo nezixhobo ezazikhona oLwandle iMedithera yasendulo, kwakungaziwa ukuthi kwenzekani kwaze kwaba yilapho isayensi ikwazi ukukuthola. Ulwandle lwaseMedithera loma. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungakholeki, kwakungokoqobo ngokuphelele. Lokhu komiswa koLwandle iMedithera kwakubangelwa ukunyakaza kwamapuleti e-tectonic. Lezi zingcwecwe zavala i-Rif ne-Betic Straits, okwakuwukuphela kwezindawo lapho amanzi ase-Atlantic ayengangena khona oLwandle iTethys. Ngenxa yalokho, yonke indawo yaseMedithera esiyaziyo namuhla yaba ugwadule lukasawoti olumhlophe oluhlaba umxhwele. Wonke lo sawoti watholakala emanzini ancibilikile. Lesi sikhathi ekuthuthukisweni kweplanethi nesikhathi sokwakheka komhlaba yaziwa ngokuthi yi-Messinian Salinity Crisis. Lesi siqephu esingavamile nesidabukisayo saholela ekuqothulweni cishe ngokuphelele kwazo zonke izilwane zasolwandle.
Kamuva, emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, iStrait of Gibraltar yavuleka futhi iMediterranean yaqala ukugcwala amanzi avela oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uLwandle LwaseMedithera esilwaziyo namuhla lwakhiwa khona, lubhekwa njengenzalo yoLwandle iTethys yasendulo.
Izilwane zasolwandle
Sizokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izilwane zasolwandle ezazikhona oLwandle lwaseTethys ngaleso sikhathi. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 eyedlule ama-cetaceans okuqala avela. AmaCetaceans yizilwane ezincelisayo zokuqala ezikwazile ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphelele nempilo yasemanzini. Kungenye yezimangaliso zokuvela kwezinto eziphilayo nanamuhla Kubandakanya inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezisatshalaliswa olwandle lonke. I-Tethys Ocean yayingeke ibe ngaphansi. Futhi kwakuyikhaya lezinkulungwane zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle eziyingqayizivele ezazihlala emanzini asogwini namanzi angashoni. Ake sibone ezinye zezinhlobo:
- Abakwa-Amoni
- IMixosaurus Ichthyosaur
- I-Placodont Placodus
- I-Prolacertiform Tanystropheus
- I-Sauropterygian Nothosaurus
Kuyaziwa ukuthi idolobha laseCabra neGeopark eliseSubbética kwake kwaba yikhaya lazo zonke lezi zilwane zasolwandle.
Ngubani igama?
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani lolu lwandle lwaqanjwa ngale ndlela. U-Eduard Suess wayeyisazi sokuma komhlaba sase-Austria esidume kakhulu futhi esishisekela umhlaba wesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba. Lapho eneminyaka engu-44, waqala ukufunda ngokujulile i-plate tectonics futhi wanyathelisa incwadi ethi Die Enststehung der Alpen. Le ncwadi yabonisa ukuthi izintaba zakhiwa ukunyakaza okuvundlile okuchezukisa umhlaba, ngokuphambene nalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaleso sikhathi.
U-Edward Suess waqhubeka nokufunda isayensi yokwakheka komhlaba waze waba neminyaka engu-62 ubudala, lapho aphinde wamangaza umphakathi wezesayensi, njengoba ethola ukuthi izinsalela ezitholwe ezintabeni empeleni kwakuyizidalwa zasolwandle. Ngalesi sizathu, kwakudingeka ukuthi kube khona amanzi amaningi awabhabhadisa ngegama lolwandle lwaseThetis.
Igama elithi Tethys livela kowesifazane we-titanic kanye namanzi, yingakho isazi sokuma komhlaba saqamba lolu lwandle ngaleli gama.