La umbala wamaqabunga esitshalo Ihlale idonsa amehlo abantu ngokuguquka, ikakhulukazi kulezo zihlahla ezivuthuluka. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi kungani umbala wamaqabunga esitshalo ushintsha nokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi kungani umbala wesitshalo ushintsha nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukusinda kwazo.
umbala wamaqabunga esitshalo
Amaqabunga emvelo, ikakhulukazi lawo asezihlahleni, avame ukuba luhlaza ngenxa yokuthi anqwabelanisa i-chlorophyll, i-pigment etholakala kuma-chloroplast, unyaka wonke. Lezi ziyingxenye yamangqamuzana ezitshalo abandakanyeka enqubweni ye sebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide emoyeni namanzi angaphansi komhlaba abe ushukela ukuthi izitshalo zingasebenzisa. Ngenxa yaloshukela, izitshalo zingakhula futhi ziphile ngempela ngoba endleleni eya kule nqubo, zikhiqiza udoti obalulekile, umoya-mpilo. Lena inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-photosynthesis.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-chlorophyll kudinga isimo sezulu esifudumele, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ilanga likhanya esibhakabhakeni, ngakho-ke ekwindla izinsuku ziba mfushane futhi inani lokukhanya liyancipha, okuhunyushwa ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwalesi sombala. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga ezitshalo eziqhakazayo alahlekelwa umbala wawo oluhlaza ekwindla, enikeza labo aphuzi namawolintshi, kanye nokubomvu kwamaqabunga nezinye izingulube ngaphezu kwe-chlorophyll, ebizwa ngokuthi i-carotenoids. kanye nama-flavonoid Lezi zihlanganisa i-beta-carotene, eyenza izaqathi zibe awolintshi, i-lutein, eyenza izikhupha zamaqanda zibe phuzi, ne-lycopene, eyenza utamatisi ube bomvu.
Endabeni yamaqabunga, lezi mibala ngokuvamile azinakwa ngoba i-chlorophyll ibusa futhi ngandlela-thile "iyazifihla" ehlobo, kodwa lapho ikwindla ifika, i-chlorophyll, i-carotenoids ne-flavonoids iyancipha, ngisho ne-pigment eluhlaza yonaka ngokushesha. Yingakho amaqabunga eshintsha umbala. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngendlela imvelo eziphatha ngayo kule nkathi, ungangabazi ukufunda isihloko sethu mayelana ikwindla izoba njani.
Ngaphezu kwemibala eshiwo, izitshalo ezithile zikhiqiza ama-flavonoid athile abizwa ngokuthi ama-anthocyanins kungabangela amaqabunga ukuba abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Lezi mibala zibonakala zinomsebenzi wokuzivikela ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi zibamba iqhaza ekumunceni imisebe eyeqile.
Ngaphezu kokushintsha ukukhiqizwa kombala, izihlahla ezivuthulukayo azigcini nje ngokushintsha umbala kodwa futhi zilahlekelwa amaqabunga ebusika, ziphinde zimunce ezinye izakhamzimba futhi zinciphise ukutholakala kobisi olugelezela emaqabunga. Ngakho uma yonke i-pigment imuncwa kabusha, amaqabunga ekugcineni azoba nsundu. Ngesinye isikhathi kule nqubo, zizowela phansi.
Amaqabunga abe eseshintsha abe imibala ehlukene, kodwa abaningi bethu bamangazwa ikakhulukazi umbala obomvu abathatha ngezinye izikhathi. Sichazile ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, kodwa manje singakutshela ukuthi kungani lo mbala othile uvela.
Yini eyenza amaqabunga abe bomvu ekwindla?
Ngokusho kuka-Emily M. Habinck waseNyuvesi yaseNorth Carolina, umbala obomvu awubonisi nje ushintsho ku-pigment, kodwa futhi ukuthi isihlahla sigxilwe emhlabathini oqinile. UHabinck wathola ukuthi lapho inhlabathi yayiphansi kwe-nitrogen nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile, izihlahla zazivame ukukhiqiza umbala obomvu ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-anthocyanins, le pigment ivikela izitshalo, izimbali nezithelo emisebeni ye-UV futhi ivimbele ukukhiqizwa kwama-radicals mahhala.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, okutholwe uHabinck kusekela umbono wokuthi ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-anthocyanin ezihlahleni ezinamaqabunga abomvu kuwukuvikela kwesihlahla ekukhanyeni kwelanga ekwindla. Ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kunikeza isihlahla isikhathi esengeziwe sokuqoqa imisoco eyigugu, okuqeda izindleko zamandla okukhiqiza umbala ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga abomvu ngokugqamile ahlala isikhathi eside.
Bese siyabona ukuthi izihlahla akuzona izidalwa ezingenakuzivikela, ziyazivikela, kodwa abanaso isivikelo sethu, ngakho masiqhubeke sibanakekela. Ukuze ubasize kwasekuqaleni, kufanele ubazi. Vakashela isihloko sethu mayelana nezihlahla namahlathi athakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ungawugcina kanjani umbala wamaqabunga esitshalo
Ukuqina nokwehlukahlukana kombala kwamaqabunga ezitshalo akuthintwa inkathi noma izinga lokushisa, ngokungafani nokuqhakaza. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukwandise ukushuba nokuhlukahluka kwemibala yezitshalo, uchungechunge lokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kufanele lucatshangelwe.
Okokuqala ukuvikela isitshalo ukuthi singomi ukuze amaqabunga angashintshi abe nsundu. Futhi, zama ukususa wonke amaqabunga angewona ama-variegated noma anemibala ehlukene, ngoba uma okuluhlaza kubusa, isitshalo sizogcina lowo mbala. Okwesibili, ukuba khona kwamahlamvu anombala ofanayo kuma-variegated specimens kuwanika ukubukeka okungathandeki. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi simo nokuthi ungazigcina kanjani izitshalo ziphilile, hlola umhlahlandlela wethu ku intombazane engafika ekwindla.
Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amhlophe, ama-ocher naphuzi kufanele zithole ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ngokungaqondile. Lokhu kuzophinde kuvimbele okuluhlaza ekubeni umbala ogqamile. Kunoma yikuphi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukulahlekelwa umbala ukubanika umanyolo owuketshezi kanye ngenyanga, ngaphandle kwasebusika. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi umanyolo owedlulele ungaba nemiphumela emibi, njengoshintsho oluthile embala wamaqabunga.
Izitshalo nolwelwe kuqukethe inhlobonhlobo yemibalabala ekhiqiza imibala esiyibona kuzo. Lawa ma-pigments: i-chlorophyll-a (iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), i-chlorophyll-b (eluhlaza okotshani), i-carotene (iwolintshi), i-lutein (ephuzi), i-anthocyanins (ebomvu, onsomi, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), ne-phycobilin (ebomvu). Umbala othize ovezwa ulwelwe noma izitho zezitshalo uvame ukuncika ekuveleni kwe-pigment eyodwa noma enye noma inhlanganisela yazo.
Njengoba ubona, kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani umbala wamaqabunga ezitshalo ungasinda ebusika obubandayo. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nombala wamaqabunga esitshalo kanye nezici zawo.
