Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kusitshela ukuthi umbala wolwandle ingashintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nendawo: isuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-eluhlaza okotshani iye koluhlaza okotshani kakhulu iye kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, okumpunga nokunsundu. Kuvela ukuthi izinguquko embala wolwandle ziwumphumela wenhlanganisela yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemvelo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lezi zinguquko, ungathintana nesihloko esinemininingwane eyengeziwe. kungani ulwandle lushintsha umbala.
Kulesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi umbala wolwandle uyini, uncike ekutheni kungani siwubona ngendlela eyodwa noma enye.
umbala wolwandle
Amanzi ahlanzekile, yiqiniso, awanambala. Kodwa noma kunjalo, uma sibheka ekujuleni ukukhanya okungafinyeleli kalula, kubonakala kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama. Iso lomuntu liqukethe amangqamuzana lawo ikwazi ukubona imisebe ye-electromagnetic enobude obuphakathi kwama-nanometers angu-380 no-700. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu, amaza ahlukene ahambisana nemibala ehlukene esiyibona othini lwenkosazana.
Amangqamuzana amanzi akubamba kangcono ukukhanya okufinyelela ubude bamaza amade, okubomvu, okuwolintshi, okuphuzi, nokuluhlaza. Bese, kusele okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela nobude bufushane. Njengoba ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka kungavamile ukumuncwa, kufinyelela ekujuleni, okwenza amanzi abonakale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imayelana ne-physics. Kodwa isayensi yezinto eziphilayo nayo ibalulekile, ngoba ingamagciwane amancane okuthiwa i-phytoplankton anomthelela omkhulu embala wolwandle. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, isihloko mayelana i-bioluminescence nezinhlobo zezilwane ingakunikeza ulwazi oluthakazelisayo.
Izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo ezithinta umbala wolwandle
Ngokuvamile ezincane kunenaliti, lezi algae ezineseli elilodwa zisebenzisa umbala oluhlaza ukuthwebula amandla elanga, ukuguqula amanzi nesikhutha kube izakhi eziphilayo ezakha imizimba yabo. Ngale photosynthesis, banesibopho sokukhiqiza cishe ingxenye yomoya-mpilo esiwudlayo thina bantu.
Ngokuyisisekelo, i-phytoplankton imunca imisebe kagesi ebomvu neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-spectrum ebonakalayo, kodwa ibonakalisa eluhlaza, okuchaza ukuthi kungani amanzi ehlala kuwo ebonakala eluhlaza. Ukunquma umbala wolwandle akuyona nje umsebenzi wobuhle. Ososayensi bebelokhu beqapha ulwandle ngosizo lwamasathelayithi kusukela ngo-1978, futhi nakuba izithombe zinenani lobuhle, zinenye injongo: ingasetshenziswa ukutadisha ukungcola kanye ne-phytoplankton. Futhi, uma unentshisekelo yokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinta kanjani impilo yasolwandle, ngincoma isihloko umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kumakhorali. Izinguquko kumanani alezi zakhi ezimbili, nokuthi zikhula noma zehla kangakanani, zinganikeza nezimpawu zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Uma i-phytoplankton iba ngaphezulu phezu kolwandle, yilapho i-carbon dioxide ikhishwa emkhathini. Kodwa ososayensi bawubona kanjani umbala wolwandle nolwandle?
Izifundo zesayensi
Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamasathelayithi anezinsimbi zokukala ukushuba kokukhanya okubonakalayo okuvela emanzini. Iningi lokukhanya kwelanga eduze nolwandle lithathwa yizinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni. Okunye kumuncwa kahle noma kuhlakazwe emanzini. Kodwa cishe amaphesenti ayishumi okukhanya aphindela emkhathini futhi ngokunokwenzeka abuyele kusathelayithi, ekala ukuthi kungakanani kwalokhu kukhanya. itholakala ohlaza noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-spectrum. Amakhompyutha asebenzisa le datha ukuze alinganisele inani le-chlorophyll emanzini. Ukuhlolwa kombala wolwandle nakho kwanikeza imiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ngonyaka odlule, abacwaningi baseMelika bashicilele ucwaningo olubonisa lokho Amazinga e-chlorophyll ezilwandle zomhlaba ashintshile phakathi kuka-1998 no-2012. Awekho amathrendi abonwa ocwaningweni, kodwa izinguquko zemibala eziqoshwe amasathelayithi zabonisa ukuthi amazinga e-chlorophyll ehla ezingxenyeni zeNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi aphakama ezingxenyeni zeSouthern Hemisphere. Lokhu kwenze abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izifunda zolwandle ezinokuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll ephansi ezaziwa ngokuthi "izingwadule zasolwandle" ziyakhula ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa olwandle. Kodwa abanye bathi ayikho idatha eyanele okwamanje ukukhombisa ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuwathinta kanjani amazinga e-phytoplankton olwandle, okungase kuguquke ngokwemvelo emijikelezweni yeminyaka eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu.
Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ososayensi bazodinga ukuqapha umbala wolwandle iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ukuze bafinyelele iziphetho. Kulapho kuphela lapho sizokwazi khona ukunquma ukuthi umbala wolwandle usushintshile futhi ngezinga elingakanani. Ngakho-ke ukwazi ukuthi abantu banalo yini ithonya emazingeni e-plankton ekhona, futhi ngenxa yalokho kumjikelezo wekhabhoni.
Ulwandle luzoba nombala onjani ngonyaka ka-2100?
Ukufudumala kolwandle kushintsha ukuhamba kolwandle kanye nengxenye yamanzi ajulile akhuphukela phezulu. I-Phytoplankton idinga ukukhanya (amandla ayo) kanye nezakhamzimba. Iningi lalezi zakhi zomsoco zivela ekujuleni. Izinguquko ezibangelwa ukufudumala ziholele ekutheni imisoco embalwa ifinyelele phezulu, ngakho-ke i-phytoplankton ingase yehle ezingxenyeni eziningi zolwandle.
Umbala wolwandle uncike endleleni imisebe yelanga ehlangana ngayo nokwakheka kwamanzi. Futhi, ama-molecule amanzi amunca cishe konke ukukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyabonakala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukhona kuphela amanzi olwandle, kodwa nezitshalo, ama-microorganisms nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Esinye isibonelo i-phytoplankton, equkethe i-chlorophyll, umbala oluhlaza, omunca ukukhanya kwelanga okudingwa izitshalo ukuze zenze ukudla. Futhi, ukukhanya okuningi okuboniswa yi-phytoplankton kuluhlaza. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi izingxenye eziningi zolwandle zine-hue eluhlaza.
Nokho, njengoba ulwandle lufudumala, amanye ama-phytoplankton angase ashabalale, amanye achume, kanti amanye angase athuthele ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Izinga lokushisa liphinde lithinte izinga lokukhula kwe-phytoplankton. Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayele amanzi afudumele ziyashesha kunezinye ezijwayela amanzi abandayo. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezinamanzi afudumele, kungase kube nemisoco eyengeziwe, ngakho-ke kuyoba nokuhlukahluka kwesifunda ekubunjweni, inombolo, nokusatshalaliswa kwemiphakathi ye-microbial yasolwandle enemibala emanzini.
Imibala yemodeli abayisebenzisela ukutadisha ukuziphendukela kwemvelo zisetshenziselwe ukubikezela izinguquko ku-phytoplankton, njengokuqhakaza kwe-algae yendawo noma i-acidification yolwandle.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi umbala wolwandle uyini nokuthi yiziphi izici ezincike kuzo.
