Baningi abantu ababadidayo kodwa bakhulu umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala. Singahlaziya ngokuningiliziwe umehluko othile njengosayizi, umbala nokuthungwa ngamehlo kanye nokunye umehluko wamakhemikhali maqondana nokwakheka kwawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zombili amaminerali namatshe akhiwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Umsuka nokwakheka kwawo kunesibopho sokwehlukahluka okuhlukahlukene okukhona kuzici zomhlaba.
Kule ndatshana sizochaza ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala.
Yini amaminerali
Into yokuqala okufanele siyazi umehluko phakathi kwezincazelo zamaminerali nedwala. I-amaminerali yinto eqinile edalwe ngokwemvelo nangokwemvelo okungajwayelekile. Iqukethe ukwakheka okuthile kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo se-crystal esichazwe kahle. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwamaminerali luzoba nesakhiwo samakristalu noma enye. Lesi sakhiwo, okuyisona esinika ukwakheka kwezamaminerali, sincike emsukeni nasekwakhekeni kwawo.
Imvelaphi yamaminerali incike ezakhiweni zamakhemikhali kanye nezici zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezomshini wokuguqula amandla wohlelo lwemvelo olwakhiwe kulo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi Ukwakheka kwamaminerali ekujuleni okukhulu akufani nasendaweni ethile. Ngamaminerali kanye nesakhiwo sawo, izenzakalo ze-geological ezenzeka endaweni azihlanganise lutho nazo, kuyilapho zenza ngamatshe. Ukwakheka kwamatshe kanye nesakhiwo sawo sangaphakathi kuncike ezenzweni ze-geological ezibonwa endaweni yokwakheka.
Ukuhlukaniswa nokwakheka kwamaminerali
Amaminerali angahlukaniswa ngokususelwa ekwakhekeni kwawo kwamakhemikhali, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi, emaqenjini alandelayo:
- Izakhi zomdabu.
- Ama-Sulfide
- Ama-Sulfosalts.
- Ama-oxide nama-hydroxide.
- Ama-Halides
- Amakhabhoni, ama-nitrate nama-borates.
- Sulfates futhi chromates.
- Ama-Volframates nama-molybdates.
- Phosphates, arsenates futhi vanadates.
- Izinsimbi.
Njengoba amaminerali ngamunye enziwe ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, ngokuvamile atholakala ngezindlela eziningana:
- I-Messy: kulawa amaminerali sithola izingxenye zingahambi kahle ngokuphelele. Ziyizakhiwo ezingahambisani nanoma yisiphi isimo sejometri esichaziwe. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaminerali abe nesakhiwo sama-amorphous futhi ukuma kwejiyomethri akukwazi ukuhlaziywa. Isibonelo, elinye lamaminerali ngokwemvelo anezakhi ngendlela exakile izibuko zemvelo.
- Ku-oda: yilawo amaminerali ingxenye yawo eyakha umumo wejometri ochazwe kahle. Kulapha lapho omakhelwane lapho amaminerali enesakhiwo samakristalu. Isakhiwo se-crystal singaba ngezindlela eziningana. Uma okumbiwa phansi kungahlaziywa ngeso lenyama kuzobizwa nge-crystal. Iningi lamaminerali lingamakristalu, ngoba ukwakheka kwawo kwangaphakathi kungabonakala ngeso lenyama njengekristalu.
Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi amaminerali kumele ahlale enekhemikhali echaziwe, futhi lokhu kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwamaminerali ayiwo. Singakwazi ukuthi igraphite nedayimane ngendlela efanayo. Okusho ukuthi, akhiwe ngamakhemikhali afanayo, kodwa anohlelo oluhlukile lwamangqamuzana. Lokhu kubenza babe ngamaminerali amabili ahluke ngokuphelele kokubili ngokubukeka kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezomnotho ngalinye nalo lihlukile.
Incazelo nokuhlukaniswa kwamatshe
Uma sesazi ukuthi ayini amaminerali nokuthi ahlukaniswa kanjani ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni nasekubunjweni kwawo, manje sidinga ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali namatshe. Ngokungafani namaminerali, amadwala awumphumela wezenzakalo zemeteorological kanye ne-geological, okuyizona ezinquma ukuma kwazo, ubukhulu, njll. Lezi zici zamadwala ziyizibonakaliso zezinqubo ze-geological eziwadalile. Yilapho ososayensi befunda khona ukuze bathole lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze baqonde iplanethi yethu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamadwala njengamandla nezimbiwa phansi.
Amadwala, ngokuya ngokwakheka kwawo, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3 amakhulu: igneous, sedimentary kanye ne-metamorphic. Uhlobo ngalunye lwedwala lunezici ezihlukile. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamatshe:
- Amatshe agneous: Yilezo ezakheke lapho i-magma iphola futhi iqina. Njengoba le magma iphola, kwakheka amakristalu amaminerali ahlukahlukene, ngakho uma iphola ngaphakathi koqweqwe kuzoba inqubo ehamba kancane futhi uma iphola ngaphandle kuyoba inqubo esheshayo. Ukupholisa kwe-magma kuzokwenza idwala libe uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye. Isibonelo, uma i-magma iphola ngaphakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba izobizwa amatshe e-plutonic igneous. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-magma iphola ngaphandle koqweqwe loMhlaba, amatshe e-volcanic agneous azokwakheka, ngokuvamile anezinhlamvu ezinhle futhi abe namakristalu amakhulu.
- Amatshe aseSedimentary: Lawa madwala anenqubo yokwakheka ehlukile kunangaphambili. Akhiwa kusukela ekuhlanganisweni noma ekuhlanganisweni kwezingqimba ze-sediment. Izinsalela ziyizinsalela zamadwala akhishwe ngenxa yezinye izinqubo zesimo sezulu. Ukucinana okuqhubekayo noma ukusimende ngomfutho namandla adonsela phansi kwakha lawa matshe. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nale nqubo, ungafunda ukuthi amadwala akhiwa kanjani.
- Amatshe we-Metamorphic: akhiqizwa kusuka kwamanye ama-igneous, sedimentary, noma amanye amatshe we-metamorphic. Isimo sezulu yinqubo eyenzeka ngokomzimba noma ngamakhemikhali futhi ekwazi ukuguqula idwala futhi iliguqule libe elinye idwala elisha. Lezi zinguquko zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali zihamba ngoshintsho lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, njll. Lawa matshe e-metamorphic ziyisibonelo salolu shintsho.
Umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala
Lapho sesazazi izincazelo zazo zombili, singazi umehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala. Kumele sazi ukuthi umehluko ukhona ekutheni amadwala akhiwe ngemixube engafani nezinye izinto ezifana nohlamvu noma amakristalu kanye nezimbiwa ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Idwala lingahlanganiswa ngamaminerali amaningana. Lapho idwala lakhiwa yiminerali eyodwa kuphela, laziwa njengedwala elilinganayo.
Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi, ngenkathi amaminerali akhiwe ngendlela ezinzile futhi ngenombolo ye-athomu nefomula yamakhemikhali, amadwala akhiwa yinhlanganisela yawo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwamaminerali nedwala.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamatshe, ungabheka lesi sihloko ku- izinhlobo zamadwala.
Uma ufuna ukujula ku-mineralogy, vakashela isigaba sethu esinikezelwe ku- amaminerali.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi amaminerali namatshe asebenzisana kanjani kumjikelezo we-geologic, hlola okuqukethwe kwethu kokuthi umjikelezo wedwala.