Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomunye wemifula ethakazelisa kakhulu kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Imayelana ne- Umfula iTinto. Itholakala igeza amanzi ayo phakathi nohambo lwamakhilomitha ayi-100 kuze kufike emlonyeni wayo esifundazweni saseHuelva. Ithola igama layo ngenxa yombala wemvelo wamanzi ayo. Leli qiniso liyenza ibe ngomunye wemifula eyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke izici, imvelaphi nemisebenzi yezomnotho, kanye nokubaluleka komfula iTinto.
Izici eziyinhloko
UMfula iTinto waziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke njengoba umele enye yezindawo zakudala zezimayini ezisezimbalini. Obunye bobufakazi obutholwe ngabaphenyi buveza ukuthi besekuvele kukhona okwenziwayo ezimayini ezifana ukuxhashazwa nokuncibilikisa ithusi kusukela ngo-3.000 BC Umthombo walo mfula uqala eSierra de Huelva. Ngokuqondile, itholakala eSierra de Padre Caro etholakala kumasipala waseNerva. Inomzila cishe wamakhilomitha ayi-100 futhi umlomo wayo usesimweni somfula owakhiwa umfula i-Odiel. Ngale ndlela, iphelela eGulf of Cádiz esemngceleni wedolobha laseHuelva.
Kuwo wonke uhambo lwayo lidlula kumasipala waseMinas de Río Tinto, bese lidlulela e-El Campillo. Lapho le ndawo yonke isidlulile, uthola kuze kufike kuZalamea la Real neBerrocal. Iqhubeka nendlela yayo ebheke eningizimu futhi idlula komasipala baseValverde del Camino, ePaterna del Campo, eNiebla naseLa Palma del Condado. Ekugcineni, badlula komunye omasipala baze bafike ekugcineni edolobheni laseHuelva.
Imisebenzi yezomnotho yomfula iTinto
Lo mfula waziwa umhlaba wonke ngenxa yemisebenzi ebalulekile yezimayini eyenzeka lapho. Yonke le misebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wesifunda. Njengoba umfula ungehlukaniswa nezimayini, kwasungulwa iRío Tinto Mining Park. Le paki inenhloso yabavakashi futhi isebenza ukufundisa izivakashi wonke umlando nomsebenzi obalulekile wezimayini owenzeka lapho. Ngale ndlela, awugcini nje ngokufunda ngomlando nezindaba zamanje, kepha futhi ungakujabulela njengomndeni.
Kunemizila ethile, efana ne-Peña del Hierro, imayini enemibukiso yaseRoma engavakashelwa, inqobo nje uma uhambisana neziqondiso. Kukhona nezinye izindawo ezikhanga izivakashi njenge. Lapha uzothola amakamelo angaba ngu-15 lapho kuchazwa khona konke okwenzekile emlandweni woMfula iTinto. Uyafuna khombisa ezinye izingcezu zemivubukulo, insimbi, imboni yezitimela nezimayini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola ulwazi mayelana imilambo kanye nobudlelwano bayo nemvelo efana noMfula iTinto.
Eminye imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa engaletha ingcebo ethe xaxa kula mazwe yenziwa endaweni yamaNgisi. Ngalesi sizathu, abaqondisi beRiotinto Company Limited bakwazile ukufaka okufana nale ndawo yaseNgilandi. Isibonelo, ayilethanga kuphela ukuchuma kwezomnotho, kepha enye yendlela yokuphila yamaNgisi. Sibona izinkundla zegalofu, ukuzijwayeza ibhola lezinyawo nokuhlelwa kwama-boycouts.
Incazelo eningiliziwe yomfula iTinto
Sizokwenza incazelo eningiliziwe yalo mfula. Siyazi ukuthi ingamakhilomitha ayi-100 ubude futhi ithola amanzi avela ezingxenyeni zeminye imifula eSierra de Huelva. Phakathi kwemifula enokugeleza okuphezulu kunalena elandelayo: INicoba, iCasa de Valverde, iJarrama, iCorumbel, iDomingo Rubio neCandón.
Siyazi ukuthi uMfula iTinto unezimpawu zamanzi ezihlukile ezithathwe kubume bawo bokuma komhlaba. Umbala wayo ungenxa yediphozi yensimbi neyethusi etholakala eceleni komfula. Lezi zibeka amachweba e-acidophilic emanzini aphethe ama-oxidizing sulfide ukuze asinde. Ngale ndlela, ngalokhu ukukhishwa kwama-proton emanzini okwandisa i-pH yomfula futhi kuyenze ibe nesiteshi se-asidi.
Ukukhanga kwesayensi lo mfula oye waba nakho kuwo wonke umlando kusuka ku-pH yawo ene-asidi, kuhlanganiswe nokugcwala kwezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nomoya-mpilo ophansi. Le nhlanganisela yezici iyenza ibe i-ecosystem eyingqayizivele kuwo wonke umhlaba. Iqiniso lokutadisha i-ecosystem eyingqayizivele emhlabeni libathakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi futhi lidonsela ukunaka kwabo. Umfula i-Tinto uyindawo yemvelo eyeqisayo etholakala ekuguqukeni kwezilwanyana ezincane ezingadingi inani elikhulu le-oxygen noma ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze ziphile. Ngale ndlela, bakwazile ukujwayela futhi badle amaminerali. Lezi zinto eziphilayo zinikezwe kakhulu ukuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi kufaka amabhaktheriya, isikhunta nolwelwe oluthile lwendawo. Futhi, kuyathakazelisa ukuqhathanisa izici zayo nezinye izindawo zasemanzini, njengoba kuchazwe esihlokweni esithi yini ichweba.
Esinye sezidalwa esibe nentshisekelo ekhethekile ekutadisheni lo mfula kube yiNASA. Imininingwane evela kokunye ukuhlola icabanga ukuthi, uma kutholakala amanzi angamanzi ku-Mars, kungaba nezindawo ezithile ezifana noMfula iTinto osebenzela ukusinda. Yize inombala obomvu kakhudlwana futhi ine-asidi ephezulu, amanzi awanabungozi ukuwathinta. Kunemifula lapho kungathintwa khona amanzi ngaphandle kokulimaza, yize ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuphikiswa ngenxa yobukhona bezinsimbi ezisindayo.
Ukungcola
Naphezu kwezici ezihlukile zalo mfula, awusindiswa ekungcolisweni kwabantu. Yize kunamazinga emvelo okungcoliswa ngenxa yobukhona bezinto ezisindayo ezihlukaniswe emanzini, kungezwa umthelela owenziwe yimisebenzi yabantu. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi ezimboni ezimbonini zodayi ngaphandle kokwelashwa kumasipala waseNerva Bafuna ukuthi icala labo lingabonakali njengoba la manzi enombala ofana nowamanzi omfula.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lo mfula ukhethekile futhi uhlukile futhi ungaba nobuthakathaka obuphakeme kubhalansi wamakhemikhali we-ecosystem. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngisho nangokwemvelo okwehlukile emhlabeni wonke umuntu akhethe intshisekelo yezomnotho kunesayensi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomfula iTinto kanye nezimpawu zawo ezikhethekile.
Ubukhulu bemvelo esingabazi. Siyakuhalalisela futhi siyabonga ngokusenza sicabange ngokungazi amasiko okusenze sazibophezela.