Ku-physics, umfutho ufundwa njenge- umfutho emincane. Leli nani lomfutho we-angular lisetshenziswa ekunyakazeni okujikelezayo, okwenza umfutho womugqa womnyakazo wokuhumusha. Umfutho we-angular ubukhulu bevekhtha obubonakala ngokuyinhloko ngokuzungezisa kwezinhlayiyana ezimise okwephoyinti noma into enwetshiwe ezungeze i-eksisi edlula endaweni ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlobene imiqondo ezifana ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nomfutho we-angular kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo ku-physics.
Yini umfutho we-angular
Uma sizama ukubala into enyakazayo eduze kwe-eksisi, sidinga njalo ukucacisa i-eksisi yokuzungezisa ngendlela efanele. Sizoqala ukukala ngephuzu lempahla lika-mass m, umfutho we-angular ubhalwa kusetshenziswa isifinyezo esingu-L. Umfutho oqondile ngu-p kanye nesimo se-particle maqondana ne-eksisi edlula endaweni ethile O ngu-r.
Le yindlela esibalwe ngayo ngale ndlela elandelayo: L = rxp
Isiphenduli esivela kumkhiqizo we-vector sicashile endizeni eyenziwe ngamathwala abamba iqhaza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiqondiso umuzwa ongatholwa umthetho wesandla sokudla womkhiqizo wesiphambano. Umfutho we-Angular ulinganiswa ngamayunithi we-kg ngemitha eyisikwele / ngomzuzwana. Lokhu kukalwa ngokuya ngohlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwamayunithi futhi alunawo amagama akhethekile.
Le ncazelo yomfutho we-angular yenza umqondo owengeziwe emizimbeni eyakhiwe izinhlayiya eziningi. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile, siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana ne Ukuzungeza komhlaba, okuhlobene nomfutho we-angular kumongo woMhlaba.
Inani lokunyakaza kwe-angular
Sisebenzisa umfutho we-angular wenhlayiya yephuzu ukuveza isimo sokuzungeza kwephoyinti noma komzimba ongelashwa kanjalo. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka lapho ubukhulu bomzimba bungabalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhondo wokuhamba kwawo. Ngokuphathelene namaveector of the angular umfutho maqondana nephuzu elinikeziwe kanye nomfutho oqondile wenhlayiya yephuzu ethi ihamba njengoba isiyingi kungumfutho we-angular.
Mayelana nenhlayiya ehamba kumjikelezo, i-engela ingu-90 degrees. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isivinini somfutho we-angular sihlala sishintshele esiyingini ngakho-ke siqondana ngqo nobubanzi.
Uma sikhuluma ngomfutho we-angular, siphinde sikhulume ngomzuzu we-inertia. Lokhu akuyona into edlula lokho okuchazwa nini umzimba oqinile une-inertia yomzimba wayo ngokumelene nokujikeleza nxazonke kwe-eksisi ethile. Lo mzuzu we-inertia awuxhomekile kuphela ebunzimeni bomzimba, kodwa futhi nakubanga ukusuka emzimbeni uqobo kuya ku-axis yokujikeleza. Lokhu kungaqondakala kalula uma sicabanga ukuthi, kwezinye izinto, kulula ukuzungeza maqondana nezinye kwi-eksisi efanayo. Lokhu kuncike ekwakhekeni nasekwakhiweni kwento uqobo lwayo.
Ohlelweni lwezinhlayiya, isikhathi se-inertia sichazwa ngohlamvu I futhi sibalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:
Mina = ∑ ri2 .Mi
Lapha sinokuthi idume kakhulu nge-m yingxenye encane yesisindo futhi i-r ibanga umzimba onalo maqondana ne-axis yokujikeleza. Umzimba uzonwetshwa ngokugcwele futhi wakhiwe yizinhlayiya eziningi, yingakho isikhathi esiphelele se-inertia yisamba sayo yonke imikhiqizo phakathi kwesisindo nebanga. Kuya ngejiyomethri abanayo, ukufingqwa kuyashintsha futhi kusuka kokuhlanganisiwe kuye kokwehluka. Umqondo wesikhathi se-inertia uhlobene kakhulu nomfutho we-angular wento noma unwetshwe ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi se-Angular sohlelo lwezinhlayiya
Sizocubungula uhlelo lwezinhlayiya olwakhiwe ngobuningi obuhlukile futhi oluzungeza ngokulandela umjikelezo owodwa ngasikhathi sinye endizeni ye-xy, ngayinye inejubane lomugqa elihlobene nejubane le-angular. Ngale ndlela, ingqikithi yohlelo ingabalwa futhi inikezwe ngesamba esilandelayo:
L= ω ∑ri2 .Mi
Umzimba oweluliwe ingahlukaniswa ibe izingcezu ngasinye ngomfutho ohlukile we-angular. Uma i-eksisi ye-symmetry yento okukhulunywa ngayo iqondana ne-eksisi ka-z, ayikho inkinga. Futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona amaphuzu angekho endizeni ye-xy, ngakho-ke izingxenye eziyakhayo futhi ezihambisana ne-eksisi eshiwo ziyakhansela.
Ake sibone manje ukuthi kuhluka kanjani. Imvamisa, lapho amandla enetha eza ezolwa nomzimba noma inhlayiya, umfutho walokhu kungashintsha. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba nomfutho we-angular. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le mibono, ungabheka isihloko sethu esithi izakhiwo ezilula, okungase kuhlotshaniswe nesimiso sokulondoloza umfutho we-angular.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukongiwa kwemvelo kwenzeka lapho kuhluka ngemitha ye-torque ekhona. Uma lelo torque liyi-zero, umfutho we-angular ugcinwa njalo. Lo mphumela usasebenza noma ngabe umzimba awuqinile ngokuphelele.
Izibonelo zomfutho we-angular
Konke lokhu kube yithiyori eningi futhi akunakuqondakala kahle ngaphandle kwezibonelo ezingokoqobo. Ake sibheke izibonelo ezisebenzayo zomfutho we-angular. Kowokuqala sine-skating skating neminye imidlalo lapho kukhona khona ukuphenduka. Lapho i-skater iqala ukujika, welula izingalo zakhe bese esinciphisa emzimbeni wethu ukuze siwele imilenze yakhe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukukhulisa ijubane lokujika. Noma nini lapho umzimba ushukuma njalo, uyavumelana. Ngenxa yalokhu kuncipha ingakhuphula ijubane layo lokujikeleza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi uyakwazi ukuthola izingalo nemilenze libuye linciphise isikhathi se-inertia. Njengoba umfutho we-angular ulondoloziwe, i-angular velocity iyanda.
Esinye isibonelo ukuthi kungani amakati ahlala ezinyaweni zawo. Yize ingenayo inani lokuqala lokuhamba, iyaqinisekisa ukuthi isho ngokushesha yomibili imilenze nomsila ukuze ikwazi ukushintsha inertia yayo yokujikeleza futhi ikwazi ukuwa onyaweni. Ngenkathi beqhuba lelo phuzu, umfutho wabo we-angular awunalutho ngoba ukujikeleza kwabo akuqhubeki.