Isithombe esivela kuNASA lapho ungabona khona ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla iLake Upembe, iTanganyika (enkulu kunazo zonke) kanye neRukwa.
El umhosha Isakhiwo esikhulu sokwakheka komhlaba esaqala ukwakheka eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-30 edlule futhi sihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha angu-4830 ngasenyakatho naseningizimu. Lesi senzakalo semvelo siyisibonelo esicacile sendlela isigodi esakhiwe ngayo, futhi izici zaso zihlukile emhlabeni, njengoba kuchazwe esihlokweni mayelana Siyini isigodi futhi sakhiwe kanjani?.
Namuhla kubhekwa njengokuzalwa komuntu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-hominid fossil atholakele lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Unesco yamemezela amachibi njengeGugu Lomhlaba ngo-2011. Yini enye ekhethekile ngale ndawo?
Uphuma kuphi?
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, iRift Valley yaqala ukwakheka eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-30 eyedlule ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwamapuleti ama-tectonic (amaSomalia, amaNdiya, ama-Arabia kanye nama-Eurasian). Njengoba isikhathi sihamba futhi uqweqwe loMhlaba luncibilika yi-magma ekhuphukela phezulu, kwakheka umsele omude onemithambeka ewumqansa., njengoba kuchazwe kokuqukethwe mayelana amarekhodi e-geological kanye nokufaneleka kwawo.
Indawo enamatshe amaphakathi ivame ukuhlukana, idale amaphutha lapho amatshe amatshe eshelela aqonde phezulu. Ezindaweni eziningi la mabhuloki ayacwila, enze i-graben, okuwukucindezeleka okude okuboshwe nhlangothi zombili ngamaphutha avamile afanayo. Lesi sici sokwakheka komhlaba sichazwa ezihlokweni ezikhuluma ngokukhululeka, ezihlola lolu hlobo lokwakheka, njengalolo olutholakala ku- kuyini ukukhululeka.
Injani i-geography yakho?
Isithombe - Flickr / Charles Roffey
IRift Valley, esempumalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika, inokwandiswa kwamakhilomitha angama-4830. Engxenyeni yalo esempumalanga sithola amathafa avamile aseAfrika, lapho kuhlala khona inyathi yase-Afrika, inyamazane, indlulamithi noma ibhubesi; futhi entshonalanga ibamba amahlathi, okuyindawo yokuhlala yezimfene nama-gorilla, phakathi kokunye.
Lapho ungabona futhi intaba-mlilo yaseKilimanjaro, okuyintaba etholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeTanzania eyakhiwe yizintaba-mlilo ezintathu ezingasebenzi (iShira etholakala ngasentshonalanga futhi inokuphakama okungamamitha angama-3962, iMaswenzi esempumalanga futhi inobude obungamamitha angama-5149 kanye ne-Uhuru emaphakathi nayo yomibili futhi enokuphakama okungama-5891,8 njengomthombo wamanzi ahlanzekile, i-Tanganyika engamamitha angama-XNUMX Malawi. Abahloli abangena kule ndawo bangafunda ngamarekhodi e-geological kanye nokuhlobana kwawo nomlando weplanethi, kanye i-danakil desert.
Njengomphumela wokwehlukaniswa okwenziwa yiRift Valley, empumalanga yezwekazi isimo sezulu somile kunasentshonalanga. Esikhathini esithile kamuva kufanele ngabe sebephenduke umhlaba, bafunda ukuhamba ngemilenze yabo emibili yangemuva esiyazi namuhla njengemilenze.
Le yindawo enhle kakhulu yokufunda kabanzi ngokudlula kude kakhulu komuntu, kusukela lapho ukuqhekeka okukhulu kudalule amakhulu amamitha wamatshe abekiweNgakho-ke ukuthola izinsalela zomuntu akuyona nje into enzima, kufanele futhi kuthakazelise.
Ayini amachibi eGreat Rift Valley?
Isithombe – Flickr/fabulousfabs[/caption>
Amachibi akulesi sigodi angamanye acebe kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Kuze kube manje Izinhlobo ezingama-800 zezinhlanzi ze-cichlid zitholakele (bony fish), futhi kusekhona ezinye eziningi ezisalinde ukutholakala.
Kepha futhi, yize amachibi engasizi kangako ekutholeni amagesi abamba ukushisa akhishwa ngophethiloli, ama-aerosol nabanye, kunesidingo sokwehlisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi asendaweni ezungezile nokubuyisela lezo zindawo ezisusiwe. Amahlathi, e-Afrika nakwezinye izindawo emhlabeni, ayamunca amagesi anjenge-carbon dioxide, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukubaluleka kokulondoloza lezi zimiso zemvelo kuyisisekelo empilweni yeplanethi.
Amagama abo yilawa:
Ethiopia
- IChibi i-Abaya: 1162 km2
- Ichibi LaseChamo: 551 km2
- Ichibi Ziway: 485 km2
- IShala Lake: 329 km2
- Ichibi laseKoka: 250 km2
- Ichibi leLanganao: 230 km2
- Ichibi i-Abijatta: 205 km2
- Ichibi lase-Awasa: 129 km2
Kenya
- Ichibi laseTurkana: 6405 km2
- Ichibi Logipi: ichibi elingajulile elisesigodini saseSuuta
- IBaringo Lake: 130 km2
- Ichibi bogoria: 34 km2
- Ichibi nakuru: 40 km2
- I-Elmenteita Lake: ichibi elingashoni.
- Ichibi laseNaivasha: 160 km2
- IChibi iMagadi: ichibi elingashoni eliseduze nomngcele neTanzania.
Tanzania
- Ichibi natron- Ichibi elingashonile elihlukaniswe yiWorld Wildlife Fund njenge-ecophonic ye-halophytic ecoregion.
- IChibi iManyara: 231 km2
- Ichibi lase-Eyasi: ichibi elingajulile lonyaka
- Ichibi laseMakati
Amachibi aseNtshonalanga
- ILake Albert: 5300 km2
- IChibi i-Eduardo: 2325 km2
- Ichibi laseKivu: 2220 km2
- IChibi iTanganyika: 32000 km2
Amachibi aseningizimu
- Ichibi laseRukwa: cishe 560 km2
- echibini Malawi: 30000 km2
- Ichibi leMalombe: 450 km2
- Ichibi Lake: 1750 km2
Amanye amachibi
- IChibi Moero: 4350 km2
- IChibi Mweru Wantipa: 1500 km2
Isithombe – Wikimedia/Lichinga[/caption>
I-Rift Valley iyindawo emangalisayo, egcwele ukuphila. Enye yalezo okufanele uhambe ukuyibona okungenani kanye, njengezimangaliso ezikhona Uphondo lwase-Afrika. Sithemba ukuthi usijabulele lesi sihloko esinikezelwe ekuqaleni kwesintu.