Ukutadisha isimo sezulu kufaka inkimbinkimbi enkulu nomthwalo omkhulu wemfanelo. Ngakho-ke, i- Umklomelo wesimo sezulu weNobel 2021 kososayensi abathathu abacwaningo lwabo lwe-physics nesimo sezulu luye lwaphula amashadi. Abaphumelele umklomelo kaNobel nguSyukuro Manabe, uKlaus Hasselmann, noGiorgio Parisi. Labososayensi abathathu bakwazile ukuchaza esinye sezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuqonda kwisayensi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-2021 Nobel Prize for Climate nokubaluleka kwayo.
Umklomelo kaNobel weSimo Sezulu 2021
Lesi simo siyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi siye sabizwa ngokuthi izimiso zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lona kanye igama layo lisikisela ubunzima bokuqonda kwayo. Imiphumela ingasukela ku-athomu iye esikalini seplanethi, ithinte kokubili ukuziphatha kwama-electron kanye nesimo sezulu seplanethi yonke. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwayo.
NgoLwesibili, iSweden Academy yamklomelisa ngeqhaza lakhe kwezocwaningo kanye nomthelela wakhe ekushiseni komhlaba, futhi wamklomelisa ngeNobel Prize in Physics. Ososayensi abathathu, uSyukuro Manabe, uKlaus Hasselmann noGiorgio Parisi, amaphayona ocwaningweni lwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nabanye ochwepheshe ngomthelela wesimo sezulu, bamenyezelwa njengabaphumelele kuhlelo lwango-2021.
Unobhala weSweden Academy of Sciences, uGöran Hansson, uziphulile lezi zindaba, waphawula ukuthi umklomelo owanikwa laba bacwaningi wawungenxa yeminikelo yabo emisha ekuqondeni kwethu izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba. Lo mklomelo, kanye nemiklomelo yezokwelapha, yamakhemikhali neyezincwadi emenyezelwe kuleli sonto, izokwethulwa emcimbini wokuklonyeliswa kwabafundi eStockholm ngoDisemba 8.
Ngokusho kweSweden Academy, u-Giorgio Parisi oneminyaka engu-73 ubudala wase-Italy uzuze umklomelo okhethekile ngokuthola "amaphethini afihliwe ezintweni eziyindida neziyinkimbinkimbi." Ukutholwa kwakhe kungenye yeminikelo ebaluleke kakhulu kumcabango wezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
USyukuro Manabe waseJapan noKlaus Hasselmann waseGermany bathole izindondo ngeminikelo yabo "eyisisekelo" ekumodeleni isimo sezulu. UManabe, 90, ukhombisa ukuthi okwandisa okuqukethwe yi-carbon dioxide emkhathini kubangela kanjani ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlaba likhuphuke. Lo msebenzi wabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli wamanje wesimo sezulu. Ngendlela efanayo, U-Klaus Hasselmann, oneminyaka engama-89, waba iphayona ekwakhiweni kwemodeli exhumanisa isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi
Izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilinganisweni ze-athomu nezamaplanethi zingabelana ngezici ezithile, ezinjengeziyaluyalu nokungahleleki, futhi indlela yokuziphatha ibonakala ilawulwa yinhlanhla.
U-Parisi wenza umnikelo wakhe wokuqala ocwaningweni lwakhe lwe-physics ngokuhlaziya ingxubevange yensimbi ebizwa ngokuthi ingilazi. iyajikeleza, lapho ama-athomu ensimbi axutshwa ngokungahleliwe kugridi yama-athomu ethusi. Nakuba kunama-athomu e-iron ambalwa kuphela, ashintsha izici kazibuthe zezinto ezibonakalayo ngezindlela ezijabulisayo neziphazamisayo.
UParisi, 73, uthole ukuthi imithetho efihliwe ithinta ukuziphatha okubonakala kungenangqondo kwezinto eziqinile futhi wathola indlela yokuyichaza ngokwezibalo. Umsebenzi wakhe awusebenzi ku-physics kuphela, kodwa nakweminye imikhakha ehluke kakhulu njengezibalo, i-biology, i-neuroscience, nokufunda ngomshini (ubuhlakani bokwenziwa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufundwa kwalezi zinto kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe izigigaba ezihlobene ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ikomidi lathi lokho okutholwe ngusosayensi "Yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi abantu baqonde futhi bachaze izinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene futhi ezibonakala zingahleliwe ngokuphelele nezimo". I-Swedish Academy manje ibona ingilazi yokuphotha njengesibonelo sokuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesimo sezulu soMhlaba kanye nocwaningo olwenziwa uManabe no-Hasselmann eminyakeni kamuva. Futhi kunzima ukubikezela ukuziphatha kwesikhathi eside kwezimiso zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengesimo sezulu seplanethi yethu.
UManabe, owayesebenza ePrinceton University e-United States, wahola ukwakhiwa kwamamodeli wesimo sezulu ngokomzimba ngeminyaka yama-1960, okwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kufudumeza umhlaba. Ngenxa yephethini yayo engcolile, Isimo sezulu seplanethi yethu sithathwa njengesistimu yomzimba eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngendlela efanayo, u-Hasselmann wasebenzisa ucwaningo lwakhe ukuze aphendule umbuzo wokuthi kungani izimo zezulu zingathembeka, nakuba isimo sezulu sishintsha futhi sinesiphithiphithi.
Lezi zinhlobo zamakhompiyutha, ezingabikezela ukuthi uMhlaba uzosabela kanjani ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, zibalulekile ekuqondeni kwethu ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ukuze ujule kulesi sihloko, ungafunda ngaso geoengineering ukupholisa iplanethi.
Njengoba uProfesa waseYale University uJohn Wettlaufer echaze, usosayensi wase-Italy 'wakha kusuka ekuphazamisekeni nasekushintshashintsheni kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingeni elincane', nomsebenzi kaSyukuro Manabe ukhomba ku 'thola izingxenye zenqubo eyodwa«. Futhi zihlanganise ukuze zibikezele ukuziphatha kwesimiso somzimba esiyinkimbinkimbi.” “Yize besabalalisa imiklomelo phakathi kwengxenye yesimo sezulu kanye nengxenye yokuphazamiseka, empeleni kuhlobene,” echaza.
Ukubaluleka komklomelo we-Nobel Climate Prize wango-2021
Esinye seziphetho isinqumo esiholela kuzo, ikakhulukazi okhethweni lukaManabe noHasselmann, wukudonsa amehlo abantu ezindabeni zesimo sezulu.
Ngokuka-Wettlaufer, ngalo mklomelo, iKomidi likaNobel lihlongoze "ububili phakathi kocwaningo lwesimo sezulu soMhlaba (kusuka kumamilimitha kuya kubukhulu boMhlaba) kanye nomsebenzi kaGiorgio Parisi." UDkt. Martin Juckes, inhloko yocwaningo lwesayensi yomoya kanye nesekela lomqondisi weCentre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) yase-UK, uthe ukubona ososayensi bewina uMklomelo KaNobel wePhysics ngomsebenzi wabo mayelana nesimo sezulu “kuyizindaba ezamukelekayo.”
"Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kohlelo lwesimo sezulu, kuhambisana nokusongela kwesimo sezulu, kuyaqhubeka nokuphonsela inselelo ososayensi bezulu namuhla," uthe.
Njengoba ubona, inkinga yesimo sezulu esibhekene nayo kuleli khulu leminyaka ibeka inselele kososayensi ukuthi bathole izixazululo ezingaba khona. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusongela ukushintsha umhlaba njengoba siwazi, futhi izinhlelo zethu eziningi zomnotho zidinga ukuzinza esinakho njengamanje esimweni sezulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokubaluleka kweNobel Prize for Climate 2021 nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.