Ukuze baziqondise emhlabeni, umuntu udale amamephu. Amaphuzu asetshenziswa emabalazweni asiza ukusungula imizila nezindawo zokubhekisela. Lezi zikhombo zaziwa ngokuthi ama-cardinal points. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi yini umsuka amaphuzu cardinal, owayidala nokuthi iwusizo kangakanani.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nemvelaphi yamaphuzu ama-cardinal, izici zabo kanye nokusebenziseka kwazo.
Ayini amaphuzu akhadinali
Lezi zinzwa ezine noma izikhombisi-ndlela zaziwa njengamaphoyinti angu-cardinal futhi zivumela umumo wendawo kumephu nanoma iyiphi indawo yobuso bomhlaba ohlakeni lwesithenjwa lwe-Cartesian.
Amaphuzu asemqoka yiMpumalanga (E), iNtshonalanga (W), iNyakatho (N) kanye neNingizimu (S). I-East ibhekisela endaweni eseduze yeplanethi lapho ilanga liphuma khona nsuku zonke; maqondana nentshonalanga, lapho ilanga lishona khona nsuku zonke; INyakatho ingaphezulu kwe-eksisi Yomhlaba, futhi iNingizimu ingaphansi kwe-eksisi Yomhlaba. Eqinisweni, uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nokuma kwelanga, ungabheka isihloko sethu lapho ilanga liphuma khona.
Lokhu kwakha izimbazo ezimbili, iMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga kanye neNyakatho-Ningizimu, enamaphuzu amaphakathi: iNyakatho-ntshonalanga (NW), iNyakatho-mpumalanga (NE), iNingizimu-ntshonalanga (SW) kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga (SE), eyaziwa ngokuthi amaphuzu amancane. I-"Wind Rose" isuselwa kulokhu kusebenza kwejiyomethri futhi ibisetshenziswa ekuzulazuleni kanye nekhampasi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Uma ungathanda ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana ikhampasi yaphakama.
Amagama amaphuzu amane avela eJalimane: Nordri (eNyakatho), iSudri (eseNingizimu), i-Austri (eMpumalanga) ne-Vestri (eNtshonalanga), kusukela ezinganekwaneni zamaJalimane. La magama asanda kwenziwa jikelele futhi ahlanganiswa kwezinye izilimi kusukela ngaphambi kokuthi abizwe ngeSpanishi: INyakatho noma iBoreal (eNyakatho), iMeridion noma i-Austral (eNingizimu), iMpumalanga, iLevant noma iNascent (eMpumalanga) kanye neNtshonalanga noma eNtshonalanga (eNtshonalanga).
Ngokwengxenye yalo, igama elithi cardus livela egameni lesiLatini elithi cardus, okwakuyigama lesiRoma le-axis eqondisayo, ngokuvamile enyakatho-eningizimu, abakha ngayo amakamu ezempi namadolobha. Ngakho-ke igama elithi "okuyinhloko" livela uma kuziwa kokuthile okumaphakathi noma okubaluleke kakhulu.
Emasikweni ahlukahlukene aseNtshonalanga, izinkomba ezine ziye zahlanganiswa emicabangweni ethile nasemiqondweni ethile yemvelo, ezihlobanisa nezakhi ezine (amanzi, umhlaba, umlilo, umoya), izinkathi ezine zonyaka (ihlobo, intwasahlobo, ikwindla, ubusika), ezine. imizimba ye-liquid (igazi, i-bile ephuzi, i-bile emnyama ne-phlegm), njll.
Umsuka amaphuzu cardinal
Kuwo wonke umlando, amasiko ahlukene anikeze amanani ahlukene kanye nezimpawu ohlangothini ngalunye olumelelwe amaphuzu we-azimuthal, nawo ahlanganisa ukumelwa kanye nezinkombandlela eziyinhloko zekhampasi, lezi yimpumalanga eyaziwayo, entshonalanga, enyakatho, eningizimu futhi lezi zikhombisi-ndlela. amadigri angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye amane. I-angle, ehlukaniswe enyakatho-ntshonalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, enyakatho-mpumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga nge-bisector ngokushintshana ... Uma siphinda ukusebenza okufanayo, sizothola i-wind rose, ebisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhambeni kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi izohlanganisa izinkombandlela eziyinhloko ezingu-32 zokunyakaza ebusweni bomhlaba.
Amagama amaphuzu amakhadinali anemvelaphi yesiJalimane (i-Nordri = enyakatho, iSudri = eningizimu, i-Austri = impumalanga, i-Vestri = intshonalanga, ngokusho kwezinganekwane zaseScandinavia) futhi isanda kufakwa eSpanishi nezinye izilimi ezitholakalayo. IsiLatini. Ngaphambilini, igama lesisekelo lalingesiSpanishi:
- Enyakatho noma eBoreal enyakatho.
- I-Meridion noma i-Austral yaseNingizimu
- I-Levante (kanye nelanga eliphumayo) empumalanga noma empumalanga.
- INtshonalanga, noma i-Poniente (ukushona kwelanga) entshonalanga.
Igama elithi emini libuye libhekise ezifundeni eziseningizimu yamazwe asenyakatho nenkabazwe, ikakhulukazi i-Italy (Mezzogiorno) kanye neFrance (Midi), ngokuqondile ngoba lezi zifunda zisohlangothini lwelanga emini ngokuhlobene namanye amazwe.
Umlando othile
Kuneziqondiso ezi-4 ezishiwo eBhayibhelini, ezihlobene nendlela umoya noma ukubonakala kokusa. AmaGreki asendulo asebenzisa amaphuzu angu-4, ahambisana nomoya osenyakatho, eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Amashadi omoya avela kumamephu cishe ngo-1300, ikakhulukazi ukukhombisa isiqondiso somoya. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaba usizo olujwayelekile lokubonisa izikhombisi-ndlela kumamephu. Amatilosi empucuko yasendulo ayesebenzisa amakhampasi ukuze aziqondise olwandle futhi abone amanzi azungezile kuphela.
Yiqiniso, ezikhathini ezidlule abantu babenikeza iziqondiso ngokusekelwe lapho izinkanyezi zimi khona noma lapho umoya uya ngakhona, kodwa ukubizwa kwezinyawo kwenza ukuhamba olwandle kube lula. Okwamanje, i-Compass Rose ingaboniswa kuphela kuma-orientation angu-4 noma ngaphezulu. Abanye bana-8, abanye abangu-16 kanti abanye bafinyelela ku-32. I-Compass, ithuluzi elidingekayo lokuqondisa.
Ukusebenziseka nokusetshenziswa kwamaphoyinti abalulekile
Ngokusobala, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwama-bearings ukuqondisa abantu. Okuhle ngalokhu ukuthi imvelo yonke: ibalazwe noma ikhampasi kwanele ukunquma inyakatho kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi useSiberia noma eParis. Leli qiniso lalibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kokuhamba kwemikhumbi nezohwebo kuwo wonke umlando.
Kumatilosi asendulo, ukwazi izikhombisi-ndlela kwabavumela ukuthi bahlole futhi bafinyelele izindawo ezingaziwa. Kodwa awekho njalo amamephu, amakhampasi noma ezinye izinto zobuciko ezibonisa ama-azimuth. Lena kwakuyinkinga evamile ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, ngakho abantu bakwazi ukuyixazulula. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuma kwelanga. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze nenkabazwe, iNkosi iLanga ivamise ukuphakama empumalanga bese ishona entshonalanga. Ngokwazi ikheli labo, ungakwazi ukwazi amanye amakheli.
Uziqondisa kanjani ensimini
Njengoba sesibonile, kunamaphuzu amane abalulekile. Ukuze siziqondise, kumelwe sazi elinye lala maphuzu ayinhloko, futhi ilanga liyosisiza ukuba senze kanjalo, njengoba lihlala liphuma empumalanga futhi lishona entshonalanga. Ukuze uziqondise maqondana nelanga, kufanele weqe izingalo zakho, nengalo yakho yokunene ibheke lapho liphuma khona ilanga, ukuze wazi ukuthi inyakatho iphambi kwakho, iningizimu ingemva kwakho, nentshonalanga ingakwesobunxele sakho. Uma ulalelisisa lapho ilanga liphuma khona njalo ekuseni, uzokwazi ukuthola indlela yakho noma yikuphi emhlabeni.
Izihlahla nazo zisisiza ukuba siziqondise. Uma siya ensimini, siyazi ukuthi ikuphi enyakatho ngokubuka isihlahla, ngoba uhlangothi lwesiqu olubheke enyakatho lunobulembu obuningi futhi lunomswakama owengeziwe. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile kulabo abangena endle bengenazo izinsimbi zokuhamba.
Ikhampasi iyindilinga njengewashi, futhi esikhundleni sezinombolo inombhalo wokuqala wamaphoyinti angukhadinali kanye nenaliti ehlala ikhomba enyakatho. I-GPS iwuhlelo lokuzulazula olusebenza kusetshenziswa amasathelayithi azungeza uMhlaba futhi asitshele ukuthi sikuphi. Omakhalekhukhwini bane-GPS, futhi uma sibheka inyanga esibhakabhakeni futhi i-wax (emise okwe-D), ithiphu layo likhomba empumalanga. Uma inyanga incipha (emise okwe-C), isihloko sayo sibheke entshonalanga.
