Ukubaluleka komswakama ku-meteorology

Umswakama ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba umusi wamanzi uhlala ukhona emoyeni wethu. Kungakhathaliseki izinga lokushisa lomoya esiwuphefumulayo, cishe njalo uqukethe umhwamuko othile wamanzi. Sijwayele ukubona umswakama, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku zasebusika ezibanda kakhulu. Uma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu okuguquguqukayo, ungafunda mayelana ukubaluleka komswakama ku-meteorology.

Amanzi angenye yezinto eziyinhloko zomkhathi futhi angatholakala kuzo zontathu izifundazwe (igesi, uketshezi nokuqina). Kule ndatshana ngizochaza konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nomswakama njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokuthi kwenzelwe ini. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngayo?

Uyini umswakama? Izinhlobo zomswakama

Umswakama inani lomhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni. Lesi samba asihlali ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa sizoncika ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, njengokuthi imvula isanda kuna, noma ngabe siseduze nolwandle, ngabe kunezitshalo, njll. Kubuye kuncike ekushiseni komoya. Okusho ukuthi, njengoba izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla, likwazi ukubamba umhwamuko omncane wamanzi, yingakho kuvela isitimu lapho siphefumula, noma amazolo asebusuku. Umoya ugcwala umhwamuko futhi awukwazi ukubamba amanzi amaningi, ngakho amanzi aba uketshezi futhi. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi umoya wasogwadule ukwazi kanjani ukubamba umswakama owengeziwe kunomoya we-polar, ngoba umoya ofudumele awugcwali umhwamuko wamanzi ngokushesha futhi uyakwazi ukubamba omningi ngaphandle kokuthi uphenduke amanzi awuketshezi.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekisa kokuqukethwe umswakama osemkhathini:

• Umswakama ophelele: inqwaba yomphunga wamanzi, ngamagremu, oqukethwe ku-1m3 womoya owomile.
• Umswakama oqondile: isisindo somhwamuko wamanzi, ngamagremu, aqukethwe ku-1 kg womoya.
• Rindawo yokuxuba: isisindo somhwamuko wamanzi, ngamagremu, ku-1 kg womoya owomile.

Noma kunjalo, isilinganiso esisetshenziswa kakhulu somswakama sibizwa RH, evezwa njengephesenti (%). Itholakala ngokuhlukanisa okuqukethwe komhwamuko wenqwaba yomoya ngomthamo wayo omkhulu wokugcina futhi iphindaphindeke ngo-100. Yilokhu engikushilo ngaphambili: lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu lenqwaba yomoya, umhwamuko omningi ongawubamba, ngakho umswakama wawo ohlobene ungaba phezulu. Ukuze ungene ujule kulokhu, ungafunda mayelana umswakama isihlobo.

Ugcwala nini umoya?

Umthamo omkhulu wokubamba umphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezela komhwamuko ogcweleyo. Leli nani libonisa inani eliphakeme kakhulu lomhwamuko wamanzi elingaba nawo ungwengwezi lomoya ngaphambi kokuguqulwa lube wuketshezi.

Ngenxa yomswakama ohlobene, singaba nomqondo wokuthi isisindo somoya sisondele kangakanani ekufinyeleleni ekugcwalisweni kwaso, ngakho-ke, izinsuku lapho sizwa ukuthi umswakama ohlobene no-100% usitshela ukuthi ubukhulu bomoya abusekho ingagcina umusi omningi wamanzi futhi ukusuka lapho, noma ikuphi ukwengezwa kwamanzi kusisindo somoya kuzokwakha amaconsi amanzi (aziwa njengamazolo) noma amakristalu eqhwa, kuye ngezimo zemvelo. Lesi simo sivame ukubonwa ekuseni, lapho amazinga okushisa ehle kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liphansi kakhulu ngakho-ke awukwazi ukubamba umhwamuko omningi wamanzi. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka, liyakwazi ukubamba umhwamuko omningi ngaphandle kokugcwala, yingakho ungakhi amaconsi amanzi.

Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezisogwini, ehlobo kunomswakama omkhulu nokushisa “okunamathelayo” ngoba amathonsi amagagasi ezinsukwini ezinomoya ahlala emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ayikwazi ukwakha amaconsi amanzi noma agcwale, ngoba umoya ungagcina umusi omningi wamanzi. Yisizathu sokuthi amazolo angahlali ehlobo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

RH

Singasigcwalisa kanjani isibalo somoya?

Ukuze sikuqonde lokhu ngendlela efanele, kufanele sicabange lapho sikhipha umusi wamanzi emlonyeni wethu phakathi nobusuku basebusika. Lowo moya esiwukhipha lapho siphefumula unezinga elithile lokushisa nomhwamuko wamanzi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ishiya imilomo yethu futhi ihlangana nomoya obandayo ngaphandle, izinga lokushisa layo lehla kakhulu. Ngenxa yokupholisa kwayo, ubukhulu bomoya bulahlekelwa amandla okuqukatha umusi, ukufinyelela kalula. Ngemuva kwalokho umhwamuko wamanzi uyajiya wenze inkungu.

Nakulokhu, ngiyagcizelela ukuthi iyona ndlela efanayo enza ngayo amazolo amanzisa izimoto zethu ebusuku obubandayo basebusika. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa okufanele kupholiswe kulo inqwaba yomoya ukuze kukhiqizwe, ngaphandle kokushintsha umhwamuko wawo, kubizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti lamazolo noma izinga lokushisa lamazolo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lesi simo, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ukuthi umswakama uhluka kanjani nezinga lokushisa.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukuthi umswakama uhluka kanjani nezinga lokushisa

Kungani amafasitela emoto enenkungu futhi siyisusa kanjani?

Ukuxazulula le nkinga engenzeka kithi ebusika, ikakhulukazi ebusuku nangezinsuku zemvula, kufanele sicabange ngokugcwala komoya. Lapho singena emotweni futhi sivela emgwaqeni, okuqukethwe umhwamuko wamanzi wemoto kuqala ukukhula njengoba siphefumula futhi, ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokushisa kwayo, igcwala ngokushesha okukhulu (umswakama wayo ohlobene ufinyelela ku-100%). Lapho umoya ongaphakathi emotweni usugcwele, kubangela ukuba amafasitela akhuphuke ngoba umoya awusakwazi ukubamba umhwamuko wamanzi, kepha nokho siyaqhubeka nokuphefumula futhi sikhipha umhwamuko owengeziwe wamanzi. Kungakho umoya ugcwala futhi yonke insalela iguqulwa ibe ngamanzi angamanzi.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukungezwani nomswakama

Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba sigcine izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlala njalo, kepha sengeze umusi omningi wamanzi. Singakuxazulula kanjani lokhu futhi singabangeli ingozi ngenxa yokubonakala okuphansi kwengilazi enefog? Kufanele sisebenzise ukufudumeza. Usebenzisa ukufudumeza futhi ukuqondise kumakristalu, sizokhuphula izinga lokushisa lomoya okwenza likwazi ukugcina umhwamuko wamanzi amaningi ngaphandle kokugcwala. Ngale ndlela, amawindi enkungu azonyamalala futhi sikwazi ukushayela kahle, ngaphandle kwengozi eyengeziwe.

Uwulinganisa kanjani umswakama nokuhwamuka?

Umswakama uvame ukulinganiswa ngensimbi ebizwa nge-psychrometer. Lokhu kuqukethe ama-thermometer amabili afanayo, elinye lawo, elibizwa ngokuthi "i-thermometer eyomile", lisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukushisa komoya. Enye, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-thermometer emanzi", inedamu lokumbozwa ngendwangu eswakanyiswe ngentambo elifaka endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Ukusebenza kulula kakhulu: amanzi acwilisa iwebhu ayahwamuka futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuthatha ukushisa okuvela emoyeni oyizungezile, okushisa kwalo kuqala ukwehla. Ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakamo wokuqala wobukhulu bomoya, inani lamanzi elihwamukile lizoba likhulu noma libe ngaphansi futhi ngezinga elifanayo kuzoba nokwehla okukhulu noma okuncane kokushisa kwethemometha elimanzi. Ngokuya ngalawa magugu amabili, umswakama ohlobene ubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula yezibalo ehlobene nawo. Ukuze kube lula kakhulu, i-thermometer ihlinzekwa ngamatafula wokungena aphindaphindiwe anikeza ngokuqondile inani lomswakama elihlobene kusuka emazingeni okushisa ama-thermometer amabili, ngaphandle kokwenza izibalo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungabamba Kanjani Amanzi Enkungwini kanye Nomswakama Esimweni Sezulu Esomile

Kukhona enye insimbi, eqonde kakhulu kunaleyo edlule, ebizwa nge-aspyropsychrometer, lapho imoto encane iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-thermometer angena umoya ngokuqhubekayo.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uma kukhulunywa ngesimo sezulu kanye nesayensi yesimo sezulu, umswakama ubaluleke impela.