Ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba, uLwandle Olufile lube nezinguquko ezinkulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ngo-1983 kwavulwa i-spa ebhishi loLwandle Olufile lapho izivakashi zazingaphuma khona ngaphandle kwesakhiwo zifike emanzini. Namuhla isithombe sehlukile. Ukuze ukwazi ukusuka e-spa uye emanzini, kudingeke ukuthi bafake isitimela esingamakhilomitha amabili ethrekhi eya echibini.
Ngabe uLwandle Olufile lungasindiswa yini emiphumeleni emibi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu?
Ulwandle olufile
ULwandle Olufile luyindawo ejulile ebusweni bomhlaba (hhayi olwandle) - amamitha ayi-430 ngaphansi kogu lolwandle - kepha umthamo wamanzi uyaqhubeka nokwehla. Umngcele weJordani ngasempumalanga no-Israyeli neWest Bank ngasentshonalanga, ulwandle empeleni luyichibi. Izinga lamanzi belilokhu lishintsha njalo. Umlando uthi waze wacwila cishe eminyakeni eyizi-10.000 XNUMX eyedlule. Kepha manje, amazinga okushisa embulungeni yonke enyukile, kanti isomiso namanzi kuyehla ngezinga eliphezulu.
ULwandle Olufile lunezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo oluzigcinayo futhi kakade luhlushwa imithelela yamanzi ahlehlayo (ancipha cishe ngemitha ngonyaka). Izazi zemvelo nososayensi bakhathazekile ngokuthi leli chibi lingashabalala ngokuphelele uma kungenziwa lutho ukuvimbela lokhu ukuba kuqhubeke. Nakuba kuphela amagciwane angasinda emanzini kasawoti oLwandle Olufile, leli chibi lisekela izilwane zasendle ezikulo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, ungafunda ngokuthi uLwandle Olufile lunganyamalala kanjani. kulesi sixhumanisi.
Izimbali nezilwane ezondla leli chibi
Libhekwa njengesimangaliso semvelo, leli chibi liqanjwa ngenxa yokuthi amagciwane kuphela nesikhunta esithile esingahlala kulo, ngoba amanzi alo cishe usawoti ophindwe kayishumi kunolwandle oluvamile. Kodwa-ke, inqwaba yezitshalo nezilwane, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana nembuzi yasezintabeni nengwe, kuncike kuma-oase, azungeze leli chibi.
Abacwaningi nezazi zendawo ezungezile baxwayisa ngokuthi njengoba amazinga olwandle eqhubeka ehla, izindawo nezimo eziwugwadule ngokwandayo zizothinta uquqaba lwezinyoni ezifudukayo ezima lapho unyaka ngamunye ukuze zizuze esimweni sezulu esipholile. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezilwandle zomhlaba, ungavakashela Lesi sihloko.
Ngubani obangela le nhlekelele?
Sibheke ukulimala kwekhwalithi nobungako bamanzi oLwandle Olufile, kepha ngubani imbangela yakho konke lokhu? Ochwepheshe bathi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kudlala indima ebalulekile, ngoba ngokwanda kwamazinga okushisa emhlabeni, izinga lokuhwamuka lenyuka futhi nesomiso siyanda. Kodwa-ke, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu akuyona imbangela enkulu yalokhu. Kungumsebenzi wabantu.
Ngokungabi nemininingwane esobala kakhulu yokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kulithinta kanjani izinga lokuhwamuka kanye nombuso wemvula, kusobala ukuthi Okuthinteka kakhulu ukwehla kwamazinga olwandle ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphuza kwa-Israyeli, Jordan naseSyria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i Jordán, owake waba namandla, uwumfula omkhulu ophakela le ndawo kanye noLwandle Olufile. Emthonjeni wawo, ingenye yezindlela zamanzi ezinkulu emhlabeni, futhi ibalulekile emingceleni yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Nokho, amadamu amakhulu, imisele, neziteshi zokumpompa ezakhelwe ukuchezukisa amanzi okuphuza kuye kwanciphisa umfula kwezinye izindawo. Kuma-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyi-1,3 uMfula iJordani uwayisa oLwandle Olufile, ama-5% kuphela afinyelela echibini.
Inkinga yamanzi eMiddle East
Ikakhulukazi eJordani, esinye sezifunda ezome kakhulu emhlabeni, ukufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile kungesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalolu dweshu. ULwandle Olufile lukhokhela ukusweleka kwamanzi esifundeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlala kuleli chibi bayawuzwa umphumela wezomnotho woLwandle Olufile. Izinkampani eziningi endaweni zincike ngqo kuyo, ngenxa yengcebo yayo yezimbiwa phansi kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle zokwelapha ezidumile. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ungathintana Lesi sihloko.
Izimboni ziphinde zikhiphe amaminerali echibini futhi kuya kuba nzima ukwenza ibhizinisi. Isixazululo sale nkinga enkulu kungaba ukwakhiwa komsele othutha amanzi ukusuka oLwandle Olubomvu uya oLwandle Olufile, ngaleyo ndlela ukuncipha kwamazinga awo kungamiswa.
