Ungqimba lwe-ozone, olusivikela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, luyaqhubeka nokuba buthakathaka. Nakuba imbobo ephezu kwe-Antarctica ivaleka, okuphambene kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi emhlabeni: ukugxila kwe-ozone kuncipha kakhulu. Lesi simo sihlobene ne- greenhouse effect kanye nokungcola, isici esibalulekile ku- ukuncipha kongqimba lwe-ozone ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.
I-ozone iyigesi enamandla kakhulu okuthi, ngokwedlulele, ibangele ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenani elikhulu labantu, kodwa ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zomkhathi, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-15 kuya kwangu-50, iyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu esingasinikeza sona uMhlaba. Lapho, amangqamuzana e-ozone, akha ama-athomu amathathu omoya-mpilo, bamba kuze kufike kuma-99% emisebe ye-ultraviolet futhi cishe yonke imisebe ye-infrared. Ngaphandle kwalesi sendlalelo, ukuphila eMhlabeni bekungeke kusimeme, njengoba imisebe ye-ultraviolet ingashisa ngokoqobo isikhumba nezitshalo.
Kusukela ngo-1985, unyaka okwatholakala ngawo imbobo kulolu ungqimba phezu kwe-Antarctica, Bonke abaholi bomhlaba bavuma ukuvimbela ama-chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). Lezi zinhlanganisela, ezitholakala kuma-aerosols, iziqandisi neminye imikhiqizo, zinesibopho sokuqedwa kongqimba lwe-ozone. Nakuba izinyathelo ezithathiwe zikunciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo, Ukubuyiselwa kongqimba lwe-ozone akubanga ngokushesha njengoba bekulindelekile, okuye kwaholela ekwandeni kokukhathazeka mayelana ne-.
Ngokwesifundo esashicilelwe kulo magazini I-Atmospheric Chemistry nePhysics, okusekelwe ezilinganisweni ezivela kumasathelayithi, amabhaluni omoya kanye namamodeli wesimo sezulu samakhemikhali, Ukugxiliswa kwe-ozone ezingqimbeni ezimaphakathi nezingaphansi ze-stratosphere kwehle ngesilinganiso samayunithi angu-2.6 Dobson. Lokhu okutholakele kuyakhathaza, ngoba endaweni ephansi kakhulu yomkhathi, ukugcwala kwe-ozone kuye kwanda, okuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba I-ozone kule ndawo iba ukungcola okuyingozi empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo.
Kungesinye sezici ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuncipheni okuqhubekayo kokuhlushwa kwe-ozone. Izizathu zalesi simo azikacaci ngokuphelele. Nokho, ochwepheshe basikisela ezinye izincazelo ezingase zibe khona. Enye yazo ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okungenzeka ukuthi ishintsha indlela yokujikeleza komkhathi. Esimweni esinjalo, Umoya ovela ezindaweni ezishisayo wawuzohamba ngokushesha uqonde ezigxotsheni, okungase kubangele ukukhiqizwa kwe-ozone kancane. Lokhu kuhlobene nokwanda kokungcola kanye nomphumela we-greenhouse.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda kwezinto ezihlala isikhathi esifushane kakhulu (VSLS) equkethe i-chlorine ne-bromine nakho kungaba nomthelela kule nkinga. Lezi zinto, ezikhishwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu njengokuduma kwezulu okunamandla, ingxenye yemvelaphi yemvelo futhi ingxenye yezezimboni. Nakuba engonakalisi kangako kunama-CFC, aziyona ingozi ongqimbeni lwe-ozone.
I-ozone, nakuba iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikela ukuphila eMhlabeni, iba ukungcola okunobuthi lapho itholakala emazingeni aphezulu ku-troposphere, ungqimba oluphansi kakhulu lomkhathi. Le ozone ye-tropospheric yakhiwa ukuxhumana kokukhanya kwelanga nezinto ezingcolisayo njengama-nitrogen oxides nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo. Kulo mqondo, kukhona indida: Nakuba i-ozone ku-stratosphere inenzuzo, ku-troposphere iba ukungcola okungathinta impilo yomuntu., okubangela izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukucasuka kwamehlo nesikhumba, nokuba nomthelela ezifweni ezinjengesifuba somoya.
Kungani ukuvikela ungqimba lwe-ozone kubaluleke kangaka? Ungqimba lwe-ozone lusebenza njengesivikelo, lumunca iningi lemisebe yelanga e-ultraviolet. Ngaphandle kwalesi sivikelo, Imiphumela eyingozi empilweni yomuntu ingaba mibi kakhulu. Ukuchayeka okwengeziwe emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kungase kubangele ukwanda komdlavuza wesikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamehlo nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet nayo ithinta ezolimo, ukunciphisa isivuno sezitshalo kanye nokushintsha imvelo yasemanzini.
I-Montreal Protocol ibe yisibonelo esiphumelelayo sokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yemvelo. Isayinwe ngo-1987, injongo yayo eyinhloko kwakuwukuqedwa kancane kancane kwama-CFC namanye amakhemikhali aqeda i-ozone. Ngenxa yalesi sivumelwano, Ukuhlushwa kwe-ozone sekuqalile ukululama ezingqimbeni eziphakeme kakhulu ze-stratosphere, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezipholile. Nokho, Ukuncipha kwe-ozone ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi emhlabeni kuseyinkinga enkulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi, naphezu kokuncipha kwama-CFC emkhathini, Ingqikithi yekholomu ye-ozone iye yahlala ingashintshile ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukwehla kwamazinga e-ozone endaweni ephansi ye-stratosphere, kuyilapho ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-ozone kubonakala ku-troposphere. I-tropospheric ozone, etholakala eduze kakhulu noMhlaba, ibeka engcupheni enkulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo.
Isimo siyethusa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho inani labantu likhulu kakhulu. Kulezi zindawo, lapho imisebenzi yezimboni nezimoto kugxilwe khona, Umoya ongcolile unomthelela ekwandeni kokwakheka kwe-tropospheric ozone. Lokhu, kungase kufihle ukwehla kwe-ozone ye-stratospheric, kwenze le nkinga ecatshangwayo ibe nzima nakakhulu ukubhekana nayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi baye bakuveza lokho Ukubuyiselwa kongqimba lwe-ozone kungase kuthathe amashumi eminyaka. Nakuba amazinga e-ozone engxenyeni engenhla ye-stratosphere kulindeleke ukuthi abe ngokwejwayelekile maphakathi naleli khulu leminyaka, ukuqagela kwe-stratosphere ephansi akunalo ithemba elincane. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lusadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele ukuguquguquka okukhona nokuthi kuhlobana kanjani nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nemisebenzi yabantu.
Ukubaluleka kokugcina ukubhekwa kongqimba lwe-ozone kubalulekile, futhi Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili kuzobaluleka ukuqapha izinguquko zabo. Amasathelayithi, njengalawo avela ku-NASA nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, ayaqhubeka enendima ebalulekile ekuhloleni umkhathi nasekutholeni izinkinga ezingase zibe khona esikhathini esizayo.
Njengoba umhlaba ubhekene nezinselelo ezihlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola, Kubalulekile ukuhlala uzibophezele ekuvikeleni ungqimba lwe-ozone. Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhambisana nezivumelwano ezikhona, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi oluqhubekayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni indawo enempilo nesimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Isimo songqimba lwe-ozone siyisikhumbuzo sobuthakathaka bendawo esizungezile kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo esinawo wokuyivikela. Izinqumo esizenzayo namuhla ngeke zibe nomthelela empilweni yethu kuphela, kodwa futhi nempilo yeplanethi yethu.
