Isendlalelo se-ozone

Ngokuhlukile izingqimba zomkhathi kukhona ungqimba lapho ukugxila kwe-ozone kuphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Lolu ungqimba olubizwa nge-ozone. Le ndawo itholakala ku-stratosphere cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-60 ngaphezu kolwandle inemiphumela edingekayo empilweni emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne- ukuvuselelwa kongqimba lwe-ozone obekuyisihloko esifanele emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.

Ngokukhishwa kwamagesi athile ayingozi emkhathini ngabantu, Lolu ungqimba lwahlupheka ngenxa yokuncipha okwabeka engozini umsebenzi walo wezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Nokho, namuhla kubonakala sengathi kuyalulama. Uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi uyini umsebenzi we-ozone layer nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani kubantu? Ucwaningo lwe- ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuhambisana kwayo.

Igesi le-ozone

Ukuze siqale ukuqonda umsebenzi we-ozone layer, kufanele siqale siqonde izakhiwo zegesi eyenziwe ngayo: i-ozone. I-chemical formula yayo i-O3, futhi iwuhlobo lwe-oxygen allotropic, okungukuthi, enye yezinhlobo lapho ingatholakala khona emvelweni. Yena ozone Kuyigesi okuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokushisa nezingcindezi ibola ibe umoya-mpilo ojwayelekile. Iphinde ikhiphe iphunga eliyisibabule elingena ngaphakathi futhi umbala wayo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma i-ozone itholakala ebusweni bomhlaba kungaba yingozi ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Kodwa-ke, ikhona ngokwemvelo kusendlalelo se-ozone futhi ngaphandle kwaleyo ngxube ephezulu yegesi ku-stratosphere besingeke sikwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle.

Indima yesendlalelo se-ozone

I-ozone ingumvikeli obalulekile wokuphila emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi wayo njengesisefo sokuzivikela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet evela eLangeni. I-ozone inesibopho ngokuyinhloko sokumunca imisebe yeLanga etholakala kuyo ubude obuphakathi kuka-280 no-320 nm. La ukwakheka kongqimba lwe-ozone kubalulekile kulokhu kumuncwa.

Lapho imisebe ye-ultraviolet evela eLangeni ishaya i-ozone, i-molecule ihlukana ibe umoya-mpilo we-athomu nomoya-mpilo ovamile. Lapho umoya-mpilo ovamile nowe-athomu uhlangana futhi kuyi-stratosphere, ziyahlangana futhi zakhe ingqamuzana le-ozone. Lokhu kusabela kuhlala ku-stratosphere futhi i-ozone nomoya-mpilo kuhlangana ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukubaluleka kongqimba lwe-ozone empilweni eMhlabeni kubonakala ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.

Izici zamakhemikhali ze-ozone

I-ozone iyigesi engatholakala ezivunguvungwini zikagesi naseduze kwamandla kagesi aphezulu noma imishini ekhanyayo. Isibonelo, kuma-mixers, lapho izinhlansi zikhiqizwa ngokuxhumana kwamabhulashi, i-ozone iyakhiqizwa. Kungabonakala kalula ngephunga. Naye imbobo kusendlalelo se-ozone Yinto egqame ukubaluleka kwayo.

Le gesi ingafingqana futhi ibonakale njengoketshezi oluhlaza olungazinzile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma iqhwa izokwethula umbala omnyama-nsomi. Kulezi zifundazwe ezimbili kuyinto eqhumayo kakhulu enikezwe amandla ayo amakhulu e-oxidizing.

Lapho i-ozone ibola ibe yi-chlorine, iyakwazi ukufaka oketshezi eningi futhi, yize ukugxila kwayo kuncane kakhulu emhlabeni (cishe ama-20 ppb), iyakwazi ukufaka insimbi insimbi.

Inzima futhi isebenza kakhulu kune-oxygen. Ibuye ibe ne-oxidizing ethe xaxa, yingakho isetshenziswa njengesibulala-magciwane kanye ne-germicide, ngenxa ye-oxidation yamagciwane eyenzayo. Isetshenziselwe ukuhlanza amanzi, ukubhubhisa izinto eziphilayo, noma umoya ezibhedlela, imikhumbi-ngwenya, njll.

Ikhiqizwa kanjani i-ozone ku-stratosphere?

I-ozone ikhiqizwa ikakhulu lapho ama-molecule e-oxygen engaphansi kwamandla amaningi. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, la ma-molecule aba yi-atomic oxygen free radicals. Le gesi ayizinzile ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke lapho ihlangana nenye i-molecule ye-oxygen ejwayelekile, iyabophezeleka yakhe i-ozone. Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka njalo ngemizuzwana emibili noma kunjalo.

Kulokhu, umthombo wamandla obeka phansi i-oxygen ejwayelekile ngu imisebe yelanga ephuma elangeni. Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet yiyo ehlukanisa i-oxygen yamangqamuzana ne-oxygen ye-athomu. Lapho ama-molecule e-athomu namangqamuzana e-oksijeni ehlangana futhi enza i-ozone, ibhujiswa ngokulandelana yisenzo semisebe ye-ultraviolet uqobo.

Ungqimba lwe-ozone luqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo ukudala nokucekela phansi ama-molecule e-ozone, i-oxygen yamangqamuzana ne-oxygen ye-athomu. Ngale ndlela, kwenziwa ukulingana okunamandla lapho i-ozone ichithwa futhi yakhiwa khona. Le yindlela i-ozone esebenza ngayo njengesihlungi esingavumeli imisebe eyingozi ukuthi idlule ebusweni bomhlaba.

Ungqimba lwe-ozone

Igama "ungqimba lwe-ozone" uqobo aluqondwa kahle. Lokho kungukuthi, umqondo ukuthi ekuphakameni okuthile ku-stratosphere kunokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-ozone okusibekela futhi kuvikele uMhlaba. Okungaphezulu noma okuncane kumelwa sengathi isibhakabhaka simbozwe ungqimba lwamafu.

Nokho, akunjalo. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-ozone ayigxili esigcawini, futhi ayitholakali endaweni ethile ephakeme, kodwa kunalokho igesi eyivelakancane ehlanjululwa kakhulu emoyeni futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ivela emhlabathini iye ngale kwe-stratosphere. Esikubiza ngokuthi "ungqimba lwe-ozone" indawo ye-stratosphere lapho ukuhlangana kwama-molecule e-ozone. kuphakeme kakhulu (izinhlayiya ezimbalwa ngesigidi) futhi ziphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izingxube ze-ozone ebusweni. Kepha ukuminyana kwe-ozone kuqhathaniswa nokwamanye amagesi asemkhathini njenge-nitrogen, kuyinto encane.

Uma ungqimba lwe-ozone lunyamalala, imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet ibingashaya umhlaba ngqo ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lokuhlunga futhi ibangele ukuthi umhlaba unqandwe, ukuqeda yonke impilo yasemhlabeni.

Ukuhlushwa kwegesi ye-ozone kusendlalelo lwe-ozone cishe izingxenye eziyishumi kwisigidi ngasinye. Ukuhlungwa kwe-ozone e-stratospheric kuyehluka ngokuphakama, kepha akukaze kube ngaphezu kwenkulungwane eyikhulu yomkhathi lapho kutholakala khona. I-ozone igesi eyindlala kangangoba, uma ngomzuzwana nje besingayihlukanisa nomoya wonke bese siyidonsela phansi, ibingaqina ngo-3mm kuphela.

Ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone

Ungqimba lwe-ozone lwaqala ukuwohloka emuva ngama-70s, lapho kubonakala isenzo esilimazayo samagesi e-nitrogen oxide kuwo. Lawa magesi axoshwa yizindiza ezihamba phambili.

I-nitrous oxide iphendula nge-ozone okuholela ku-nitric oxide ne-oxygen ejwayelekile. Yize lokhu kwenzeka, isenzo esilingweni se-ozone sincane. Amagesi alimaza ngempela ungqimba lwe-ozone angama-CFC (ama-chlorofluorocarbon). Lawa magesi angumphumela wokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okwenziwa.

Isikhathi sokuqala lapho ukuncipha kongqimba lwe-ozone kwaziwa ngo-1977 e-Antarctica. Ngo-1985 kwakungenzeka ukuthi kukalwe ukuthi imisebe eyingozi ye-ultraviolet evela eLangeni yayinyuke izikhathi eziyishumi nokuthi ungqimba lwe-ozone ngaphezu kwe-Antarctica yehle ngo-40%. Kusukela lapho saqala ukukhuluma ngayo imbobo ye-ozone.

Ukuncipha koqweqwe lwe-ozone bekuyindida ende. Izincazelo ezihlobene nemijikelezo yelanga noma izici ezinamandla zomkhathi zibonakala zingenasisekelo futhi namhlanje kubonakala kufakazelwa ukuthi kungenxa yokwanda kokukhishwa kwe-freon (Chlorofluorocarbon noma i-CFC), igesi elisetshenziswa embonini ye-aerosol, amapulasitiki kanye neziqandisi kanye ne-air conditioning circuits.

Ama-CFC amagesi azinzile asemkhathini, ngoba awanabo ubuthi futhi awakwazi ukutsha. Lokhu kubanikeza impilo ende, kukuvumela ukuthi uchithe ama-molecule e-ozone asendleleni yakho isikhathi eside.

Uma i-Ozone Layer ibingacekelwa phansi, ukwanda kwemisebe ye-UV kungadala uchungechunge oluyinhlekelele lokuphendula kwezinto eziphilayo njenge ukwanda kokuvama kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, masingakhohlwa ukuthi ukubaluleka kongqimba lwe-ozone empilweni yasemhlabeni kubalulekile lapho sibhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa (akhishwa ebusweni bomhlaba ngesenzo ikakhulu somuntu) akhiqiza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Umphumela Wokushisa Okushisa", kuzoholela ekufudumaleni kwembulunga yonke ngezinguquko zesifunda ekushiseni, okuzoholela ekukhuphukeni kolwandle njengomphumela, phakathi kokunye, ukuncibilika kancane kancane kwenqwaba yeqhwa elisendaweni ebandayo.

Lokhu kufana nenhlanzi eluma umsila wayo. Lapho inani lemisebe yelanga likhula kakhulu emhlabeni, umthelela omkhulu emazingeni okushisa. Uma sengeza imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga okubangelwe ukwanda komthelela wokushisa komhlaba kanye nemiphumela ephakeme yemisebe ye-UV evela eLangeni kumasayizi e-ice njenge-Antarctica, siyabona ukuthi uMhlaba ucwilile esimweni ukushisa okushiswa yikho konke.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ungqimba lwe-ozone lubaluleke kakhulu empilweni emhlabeni, kubantu, kanye nasezimileni nasezilwaneni. Ukugcina ungqimba lwe-ozone lusesimweni esihle kuyinto eza kuqala futhi kulokhu, ohulumeni kufanele baqhubeke nokusebenza ekuvimbeleni ukukhishwa kwamagesi aqeda i-ozone.