Umfula waseYangtze

El i-yangtze river eShayina ingumfula ohlaba umxhwele onobude obungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-6.300 kanye nendawo yokudonsa amanzi engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1.800.000. Lokhu kuwenza ube umfula wesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngemuva kwe-Amazon neNayile, futhi ube umfula omude kunawo wonke ezweni nasezwekazini lakhona.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi umfula waseYangtze umangalisa kanjani, izici zawo nokunye okuningi.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ukugeleza kwayo okunamandla kubalulekile eShayina, njengoba imelela u-40% wamanzi atholakalayo ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingeni lezomnotho, umfula uyisici esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwezolimo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi akhona asebenza endaweni yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi enkulu kunazo zonke e-China kanye nedamu elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, i-Three Gorges Dam.

Ukugeleza okumaphakathi komfula iYangtze kungu-31.900 m³/s, okuyingxenye yohlobo lwezimvula ezinkulu., ithonywa imvula kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-August, futhi ukugeleza kuqala kuyanda bese kuncipha kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-April. Ubusika buyinkathi yabo ephansi kakhulu.

Inamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-6.000 okunwetshwa kanye nezikwele zamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-1.800.000. Sekukonke, idla ingxenye yesihlanu yendawo yaseChina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yenani labantu abahlala ngaphakathi komfula. Umthelela wawo emnothweni ungama-20% we-GDP.

Ngenxa yobude bawo, iphethe isihloko somfula wesithathu omude kakhulu emhlabeni, kanye nomfula omude kakhulu ogeleza ezweni elifanayo. Ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga, udabula izifundazwe eziyi-8, omasipala abangu-2 ngaphansi kukaHulumeni Omkhulu, kanye neSifunda Esizimele SaseTibet, usonga futhi ujika indlela eya olwandle.

Ingxenye yayo ephakathi nendawo ephansi inamaxhaphozi namachibi ahlukene, ezixhumene zakha uhlobo lwewebhu lwesicabucabu oluvumela ukusatshalaliswa kwezilwane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kulahlekile ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwenqubo ayithola kubantu.

Umfula iYangtze ungamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-6.000 ubude futhi ufakaza ngesiko nesimiso sezinto eziphilayo esicebile nesihlukene. Kusukela kumaNaxi namaTibetan ahlala ezintabeni ezikude nomhlaba wonke, ngokusebenzisa izindawo ezingcwele zamaBuddha nokuphumula, ukuya ezindaweni ezimatasa zezimboni.

Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa komfula iYangtze

Inegama elihlukile endaweni ngayinye egijima kuyo. Ekuqaleni, yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Dangqu, umfula wamaxhaphozi, noma i-Drichu. Maphakathi nendawo ubizwa ngokuthi uMfula iJinsha. Umfula ongezansi ubizwa ngokuthi uMfula iChuantian noma umfula iTongtian.

Omunye umphumela walolu hlobo olubanzi lwamadolobha ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu. Umfula i-Yangtze ugeleza "amadolobha eziko" adumile e-China futhi kushisa kakhulu ehlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uthola ezinye izifunda ezihlala zifudumele unyaka wonke kanye nezifunda ezibhekana nobusika obubanda kakhulu.

I-Rio Azul Valley ivundile. Umfula iYangtze udlala indima ebalulekile ekuniseleni okusanhlamvu, enendawo enkulu yerayisi, emele amaphesenti angama-70 wokukhiqiza, ukolweni nebhali, okusanhlamvu, okufana nobhontshisi nommbila, nokotini.

Umfula usongelwa ukungcoliswa komhlaba, ukudoba ngokweqile, amadamu amaningi kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalezi zixwayiso, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nomthelela wako ezilwaneni zasendle, umfula usalokhu ungenye yezindawo zamanzi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

izitshalo zomfula i-yangtze

Ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eduze koMfula iYangtze, uhlaza luye lwasuswa, ikakhulukazi ukuze lusetshenziswe abantu. Lokhu kumelela usongo olukhulu njengoba izitshalo zilahlekelwa amandla azo okumunca amanzi, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yokuhlala.

Naphezu kwalesi sici esenza kungenzeki ukuhlonza izinhlobo zezitshalo zomdabu kanye nalezo ezethulwa umuntu, izitshalo ezivamile zasemfuleni zisatholakala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa njengalezo ezisenhla nomfula nasezingxenyeni ezimaphakathi nendawo.

Izindawo eziphakeme zomfula zitholakala ezintabeni ezinama-exponents afana ne-willow nomjunipha, kanye nezinye izihlahla ze-alpine. ingxenye ephakathi Imelelwe amahlathi aqinile nezihlahlana, futhi indawo yokugcina iyithafa lapho imifula ivame ukugcwala osebeni lwayo.

Indlela ephansi, enabantu abaningi, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukutshala okusanhlamvu, futhi cishe zonke izitshalo ezijwayelekile zendawo zigawuliwe, kusale izihlahla ezimbalwa kuphela. Echwebeni lomfula, lapho ugelezela olwandle, izitshalo zasemanzini ezifana nemihlume zingabonakala.

Fauna

Umfula iYangtze ungomunye wamanzi anezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ocwaningweni lwango-2011, kwakukhona kuphela izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingu-416, kuzo ezingaba ngu-112 ezazitholakala emanzini ayo. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-160 zezilwane ezihlala emanzini, kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo, nezinyoni zasemanzini eziphuza emanzini ayo.

Izinhlanzi ezihamba phambili ezihlala e-Yangtze yi-cyprinids, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ze-oda i-Bagres ne-Perciformes nazo zingatholakala ngezinombolo ezincane. Phakathi kwazo, iTetradentate ne-Osmium yizona ezingavamile kakhulu.

Izinto ezinjengokudoba ngokweqile, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nenani lezakhiwo eziphazamisa ukuhamba komfula ziphelile noma zibeka engcupheni inqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane ezikhona, okungama-4 kuphela kwangu-178 angahlala kuwo wonke umfula.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala kule ndawo kuphela i-sturgeon yaseYangtze ne-Chinese, i-porpoise engapheli, i-sturgeon emhlophe, i-alligator, i-blackfish yasenyakatho, ne-Chinese giant salamander.

Ngaphambilini, i-Yangtze yayiyikhaya lezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo zenhlekelele ezungezile: ufudu oluthambile lwegobolondo elikhulu kanye nehlengethwa laseYangtze, elibuye laziwe ngokuthi ufudu olumhlophe oluthambile. Zombili kumenyezelwe ukuthi zingasebenzi ngemuva kokuba sengozini enkulu.

Imifula yoMfula iYangtze

Ukuze ulondoloze ukugeleza kwawo okuqinile, uMfula iYangtze uthola inqwaba yemifula kusukela emthonjeni wawo kuya lapho uya khona, ngaphezu kwamanzi owatholayo phakathi nenkathi yemvula. Isamba, kuneziteshi ezincane ezingaphezu kuka-700 eziphakela i-Yangtze. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu ubuzwe bakwaHan, obusesigabeni esimaphakathi.

Imifula eyinhloko ezindaweni eziphakeme zoMfula i-Yangtze uhlelo lwamanzi lwe-Jinsha-Tongtian-Tuotuo, uMfula i-Yalong noMfula i-Minjiang, kanye nezindawo ezingaphezulu zoMfula i-Wujiang.

Futhi engxenyeni yayo ephakathi, ithola amanzi eChibini laseDongting, okuyilo yona ihlinzekwa yiYuan, Xiang neminye imifula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphiko lwayo lwesokunxele luthola umfula i-Han ogelezayo. Umfula iYangtze wawugeleza ubuyele eChibini lasePoyang ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa manje somile.