Iqhwa libekela izazi zezulu inselele enkulu ekwenzeni izibikezelo ezinembile. Akufanele nje banqume inani nesikhathi sokuna, kodwa futhi kufanele abale izinga leqhwa ngokunemba okukhulu. Ukubalwa kabi okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-100 kungashintsha ngokuphelele ngisho nezibikezelo zesimo sezulu ezithembeke kakhulu, kubangele ukuwa kweqhwa okungalindelekile noma kungakhithiki iqhwa. Njengoba sazi, liyancipha iqhwa futhi abantu abaningi bayazibuza yini ebangela ukuntuleka kweqhwa.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini ebangela ukuntuleka kweqhwa nokuthi yiziphi izimo okufanele zihlangatshezwe ukuze iqhwa lenzeke.
Izimo zokwakheka kweqhwa
Ukubala kwezinga leqhwa kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ecabangela izici ezimbalwa zomkhathi, okuhlanganisa ukushuba kwemvula, ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa ezingqimbeni ezihlukene zomkhathi, umswakama, umoya, nokuningi.
Ukubonakala kweqhwa kudinga ukuhlangana kwezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile: amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-2ºC kanye nemvula. Uma uthi nhlá, le nhlanganisela ibonakala ibonakala kalula phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba. Kodwa-ke, isimo siba nzima kakhulu uma sikhuluma ngokuthi kungenzeka kube khona ukukhithika kweqhwa ezinhloko-dolobha zezifundazwe, ingasaphathwa emazingeni aphansi noma angasogwini.
Ukugxilisa umoya obandayo nje ngaphezulu ngokusebenzisa i-thermal inversion akwanele ukukhiqiza iqhwa. Ukuze kwakheke iqhwa, Amazinga okushisa ezendlalelo ezahlukene zomkhathi kufanele alingane noma abe ngaphansi kuka-0ºC. Uma lesi simo singahlangatshezwana nayo, amakhekheba eqhwa angahlakazeka ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele phansi. Ngokuphambene, lapho ungekho umoya obandayo endaweni engenhla nemaphakathi yomoya kodwa ungaphezulu, into eyaziwa ngokuthi imvula eshubisa umnkantsha iba inkinga enkulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni eziminyene.
Uma kucutshungulwa izinto ezingaqondile endaweni yethu, Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amaphethini omoya ahamba phambili eNyakatho Nenkabazwe ageleza usuka entshonalanga. Ngenxa yalokho, imvula eminingi kanye nezimo zezulu ezingazinzile zingena ezweni lethu zisuka lapha. Ngenxa yethonya le-Gulf Stream nomkhathi omkhulu wolwandle ngasentshonalanga, ongakwazi ukugcina amanani abalulekile omoya obandayo, imingcele eminingi nezimo zemvula zifika namazinga okushisa angekho phansi ngokwanele phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhithika kweqhwa kulinganiselwe ezindaweni ezinezintaba.
Yini ebangela ukushoda kweqhwa
Ukuntuleka kokukhithika kweqhwa okuphawulekayo e-Europe kulobu busika kunemithelela efinyelela kude ngaphandle komthelela wemidlalo yasebusika. Uma ukushoda kwe-meltwater kuqhubeka, izothinta kabi imikhakha eminingana efana nemikhumbi, ezolimo kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi.
Isizini ye-ski eJalimane, eFrance, e-Austria nase-Czech Republic isesimweni esibucayi. Ukubonakala kwesimo sezulu esithandekayo esimhlophe kusongelwa ukushisa okushisayo, okubangela imvula esikhundleni seqhwa. Lokhu kuletha inkinga enkulu ngemiphumela efinyelela kude.
Iqhwa lisebenza njengechibi futhi libamba amanzi isikhathi esithile. Esikhundleni sokugeleza ngokuqondile, amanzi aqukethwe eqhweni akhululwa phakathi nezinkathi zasehlobo noma zasentwasahlobo. Ukukhishwa kancane kancane kwe-meltwater endaweni ezungezile Kwenzeka kuphela ngemva kokuba iqhwa selincibilikile, ligcwalisa amachibi, imifula namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Nokho, ngaphandle komthamo wokubhafa weqhwa, lokhu kunikezwa kwamanzi okubalulekile kuzophela ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ngenxa yalokho, imifula, evame ukusekelwa iqhwa elincibilikayo, ithola amazinga okuncipha amanzi.
I-Suministro de energía
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yi-International Hydrological Commission for the Rhine Basin (IHR), ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa nokuncipha kweqhwa kungase kubhebhethekise isimo esomile eduze ne-Rhine, esukela e-Basel kuya oLwandle Olusenyakatho. , eminyakeni ezayo. Lolu cwaningo, olwenziwe yinhlangano yezikhungo zesayensi ezimele amazwe asogwini okugeleza kuwo umfula owaziwayo waseYurophu, kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwe-meltwater njengendawo yokugcina amanzi ebalulekile ngezikhathi zokuna kwemvula, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zasehlobo nekwindla.
Ngenkathi iphrojekthi yamamodeli wesimo sezulu inyusa imvula yasebusika ngokuzayo, ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi le mvula ingase inganele ukuqeda ukwehla kokutholakala kwe-meltwater.
Umthelela obalulekile futhi okhulayo wogwadule lwasehlobo unemiphumela efinyelela kude kubantu nasezimbonini ezincike eMfuleni iRhine ukuthola imithombo yamanzi. Ngokocwaningo, kulindeleke ukuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngaseRhine kungase kuphazamiseke isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili ngonyaka.
Futhi, izitshalo zikagesi zingase zibe nokwehla kokukhiqizwa kukagesi, kuyilapho abahlinzeki bamanzi okuphuza kanye nemikhakha yezolimo kuzodingeka balindele izimo ezivamile zokushoda kwamanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwezidingo zamanzi zezitshalo ngezikhathi ezishisayo, ezomile zasehlobo.
Khiqiza kabusha ukonga amanzi
Ukuntuleka kokuncibilika kweqhwa ezinyangeni ezifudumele cishe kuyophumela esidingweni esikhulu samanzi. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kuzodingeka ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okwenziwa engeziwe ukuze kugcinwe imvula yasebusika. Nokho, Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwala machibi okugcina kuwukungenelela endaweni yemvelo futhi, ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kunemikhawulo yendawo etholakalayo yalezo zindawo ezigcina amanzi.
Esigodini sasePo (e-Italy) kuxoxwa ngokuthi kungenzeka kuncishiswe ukulinywa kwerayisi ngenxa yesidingo salo esikhulu samanzi. Lapho imvula yasebusika ishintsha isuka eqhweni iye emvuleni, ingozi yokudilika kwenhlabathi iyanda. Le ngozi ivezwa ikakhulukazi lapho ukuncibilika kweqhwa nemvula enkulu kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuncipha kwemisebe yelanga ngenxa yokuntuleka kweqhwa
Ukukhanya kwelanga kuveza iqhwa elimhlophe, elidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni inhlabathi ipholile futhi inomswakama. Lapho lingekho iqhwa, inhlabathi ifudumala ngokushesha futhi yome. Lokhu-ke kuholela ekugelezeni kwamanzi emvula ngokushesha esikhundleni sokumuncwa kwawo emhlabathini. Imiphumela yephansi elomile idlulela ngalé kokuphathwa kwamanzi, njengoba futhi yandisa amathuba okusha kwezindonga.
Iqhwa lisebenza njengesivikelo ekufudumaleni, lisebenza njengesihlungi solar soMhlaba. Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, izifunda ezishisayo, okuhlanganisa iqhwa lasolwandle, kanye nezindawo eziningi ezineqhwa njengalezo ezitholakala enyakatho yeScandinavia noma eSiberia, zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini ebangela ukuntuleka kweqhwa nokuthi kubaluleke ngani.