Iplanethi yethu inomzimba wasezulwini ozungeza phezu kwayo owaziwa njengenyanga. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona esikubonayo phakathi nobusuku, abantu abaningi abazi ngempela yini inyanga. Sikhuluma ngesathelayithi yethu edala amandla adonsela phansi aqala amagagasi nezinye izici eMhlabeni. I-satellite yethu inezici ezihlukile nokunyakaza okuhlukile okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukukwazi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi iyini inyanga, izici zayo, ukunyakaza okuyinhloko, kanye nemigodi yayo.
Yini inyanga
Inyanga iyisathelayithi yemvelo yomhlaba futhi ukuphela kwesathelayithi enomhlaba. Vele, ngumzimba wasezulwini onamadwala ngaphandle kwamasongo noma iziphuphutheki. Kunemibono eminingi echaza ukwakheka kwayo, kodwa okwamukelwa kakhulu ukuthi imvelaphi yayo yenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-4,5 edlule, ngemuva kokuthi into efana neMars ishayisane noMhlaba. Inyanga yakhiwa ngalezi zingcezu futhi, ngemuva kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-100, i-magma encibilikisiwe yaqina futhi yakha uqweqwe lwenyanga.
Inyanga icishe ibe ngamakhilomitha angama-384 ukusuka emhlabeni. Ngemuva kwelanga, kungumzimba wasezulwini okhanyayo obonwe ebusweni bomhlaba, yize ubuso bawo empeleni bumnyama. Izungeza umhlaba ezinsukwini ezingama-400 zomhlaba (izinsuku ezingama-27 noma amahora angama-27) futhi ijikeleza ngejubane elifanayo. Ngoba ijikeleza ngokuvumelanayo nomhlaba, inyanga inobuso obufanayo nobakhe. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bamanje, kuyaziwa ukuthi "izinhlangothi ezikude" zinemigodi, imigodi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-thalassoid, futhi akukho lwandle. Ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kungabonakala ngokujula okwengeziwe esihlokweni esithi inyanga njengesathelayithi.
Ukubukwa kwenyanga kudala njengabantu. Igama lakhe livela empucukweni eminingi futhi liyingxenye yezinganekwane zabo. Inethonya elibalulekile kumjikelezo woMhlaba: ilawula ukuhamba koMhlaba ku-eksisi yawo, okwenza isimo sezulu sizinze. Yini enye, Kuyimbangela yamagagasi asemhlabeni ngoba akhiqizwa ukukhanga kwamandla adonsela phansi, edonsa amanzi ngamandla kolunye uhlangothi futhi iwakhiphe kolunye, okubangela amagagasi aphezulu naphansi. Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalesi simo esihlokweni mayelana amagagasi nenyanga.
Yikuphi ukunyakaza okwenziwa yinyanga?
Ngenxa yobukhona bamandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwenyanga nomhlaba, le satellite nayo inokunyakaza kwemvelo. Njengeplanethi yethu, ineminyakazo emibili eyehlukile, ebizwa ngokujikeleza nokuhumusha emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kunyakaza kuyisici senyanga futhi kuhlotshaniswa namagagasi nesigaba senyanga.
Udinga isikhathi esithile ukuze akwazi ukuqedela ukunyakaza kwakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuthano ophelele wokuhumusha uthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-27,32. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu kwenza inyanga ihlale isibonisa ubuso obufanayo, futhi ibonakala ilungiswe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningi zejiyomethri nakokunye ukunyakaza okubizwa ngokuthi ukudlidliza kwenyanga.
Uma umhlaba uzungeza ilanga, inyanga nayo iyajikeleza, kodwa emhlabeni isempumalanga. Kuwo wonke umnyakazo, ibanga ukusuka enyangeni ukuya emhlabeni liyahlukahluka kakhulu. Leli banga lincike ngokuphelele esikhathini lapho litholakala khona emzileni walo. Ngenxa yokuthi umzila ojikelezayo unesiphithiphithi futhi ngezinye izikhathi uqhelelene, ilanga linethonya elikhulu kumandla alo adonsela phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isenzakalo senyanga sithonya izici eziningana ezifana nokuzamazama komhlaba, ongafunda ngakho uma inyanga ibangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu.
Ukuhamba kwesathelayithi yethu ejikelezayo kuvunyelaniswa nokuhumusha. Ihlala izinsuku ezingama-27,32, ngakho-ke sihlala sibona uhlangothi olufanayo lwenyanga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yinyanga engezansi. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwayo, yakha i-angle yokuthambekela kwama-degree angama-88,3 maqondana nendiza ye-ellipse yokuhumusha. Lokhu kungenxa yamandla adonsela phansi akha phakathi kwenyanga nomhlaba.
Izici eziyinhloko
Inyanga inendawo eqinile, enamatshe, futhi isici sayo esiphawuleka kakhulu ubukhona benani elikhulu lama-craters kanye nezitsha. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhathi wayo ubuthakathaka kakhulu futhi cishe awukho, awukwazi ukumelana nokuthinta ama-asteroid, ama-meteorite, noma ezinye izindikimba zasemkhathini, ezivumela ukuba zingqubuzane nenyanga. Ukwakheka komkhathi wayo kungatholakala esihlokweni esithi umkhathi wenyanga.
Umthelela uphinde wakhiqiza ungqimba lwemfucumfucu, okungaba ngamatshe amakhulu, amalahle, noma uthuli oluhle, olubizwa ngokuthi ungqimba oluguguliwe. Indawo emnyama yindawo yokugcotshwa ngodaka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-12-4,2 edlule, futhi indawo ekhanyayo yakha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izintaba. Ngokuvamile, lapho inyanga igcwele, ibonakala yenza isithombe sobuso bomuntu noma unogwaja ngokwamasiko athile, nakuba empeleni lezi zindawo zimelela ukubunjwa okuhlukene kanye neminyaka yobudala bedwala. Ungakwazi futhi uthintane umbala wenyanga ukuqonda kangcono ukubukeka kwayo.
Umkhathi wayo, obizwa nge-exosphere, mncane kakhulu, ubuthakathaka futhi mncane. Ngenxa yalokhu kushayisana kwama-meteorite, ama-comet nama-asteroid anobuso avamile. Kuqoshwa imimoya kuphela engadala iziphepho zothuli.
Craters
Ososayensi bebelokhu befunda ngobudala bamadwala kwiplanethi yethu nasenyangeni. Lawa matshe aqhamuka endaweni ebekiwe engacacisa ukuthi le crater yakhiwa nini. Ngokutadisha zonke izindawo zenyanga ezinombala okhanyayo futhi ezibizwa ngamathafa, ososayensi bathole imininingwane yokwakheka kwenyanga. Yakhiwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-460 kuya kwezingama-380 edlule, futhi wonke amanye amadwala awela ebusweni benyanga abika ukuthi yakheka ngokushesha okukhulu. I-rock shower yamisa futhi kwakha izimbobo ezimbalwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Amanye amasampula edwala athathwe kulezi zingxenyana abizwa ngokuthi amabhishi kanye iminyaka yayo icishe ibe yiminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-3.800 kuya kwezi-3.100. Kukhona futhi imikhondo yezinto ezinkulu ezifana ne-asteroid ezishaye inyanga lapho idwala liphela. Kukhona ulwazi oluthakazelisayo ngalokhu esihlokweni mayelana amanzi enyangeni.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwale micimbi, udaka oluningi lwagcwalisa zonke izitsha futhi lwakha ulwandle olumnyama. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani kunemigodi embalwa olwandle, kepha kunemigodi eminingi ethafeni. Kungenxa yokuthi ubuso benyanga buhlaselwe yilezi zikhungo zomhlaba ngenkathi kwakhiwa isistimu yelanga, bekungekho ukugeleza okuningi kwethava ethafeni okwenze ukuthi iminyango yokuqala inyamalale.
Ingxenye ekude kakhulu yenyanga "inolwandle" olulodwa kuphela ngakho ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le ndawo imelwe ukunyakaza kwenyanga eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule.
Ukufunda ama-craters enyangeni, kufanele siqonde ukuma kwenyanga. Namathafa amaningana ayeyisicaba noma ayekade eyingxenye yolwandle. Akumangazi ukuthi kukhona nolwandle olusenyangeni yenyanga. Enkulu kunazo zonke iMare Imbrium, ebizwa ngeMar de Lluvia ngeSpanishi, enobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-1120 XNUMX.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini inyanga nezimpawu zayo.