Ngiyazithanda izivunguvungu. Lapho isibhakabhaka sigcwele amafu e-Cumulonimbus angikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ngizizwe ngimangalisa, cishe ngendlela labo abathanda iLanga abazizwa ngayo lapho ilanga liphuma okokuqala ezinsukwini eziningi.
Uma futhi uyabathanda, ngokuqinisekile uzoba nentshisekelo yokufunda konke engizokutshela khona ngokulandelayo. Thola ukuthi siyini isiphepho, ukuthi sakha kanjani nokunye okuningi.
Siyini isiphepho?
Isiphepho sinjalo into ebonakala ngokuba khona kwenqwaba yomoya emibili noma ngaphezulu esemazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Lo mehluko oshisayo wenza umoya ungazinzi, okwenza imvula, imimoya, umbani, ukuduma kwezulu, umbani kwesinye isikhathi futhi nesichotho.
Yize ososayensi bechaza isiphepho njengefu elikwaziyo ukukhiqiza ukuduma kwezulu okuzwakalayo, Kunezinye izinto ezibizwa kanjalo, okuyizinto ezisemhlabeni ezihlotshaniswa nemvula, iqhwa, isichotho, ugesi, iqhwa, noma imimoya enamandla ezingathutha izinhlayiya ngokumiswa, izinto noma izidalwa eziphilayo.
Uma sikhuluma ngezici zayo, ngaphandle kokungabaza kufanele sikhulume nge- amafu athuthukayo aqondile lokho kukhiqiza. Lezi zingafinyelela ukuphakama okumangazayo: kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-17km. Yilapho i-tropopause itholakala khona, okuyindawo yezinguquko phakathi kwe-troposphere ne-stratosphere.
Umjikelezo womsebenzi wesiphepho uvame ukuba nesigaba sokuqala sokwakheka, isigaba esiphakathi sokuvuthwa kanye nesigaba sokugcina sokubola esihlala cishe ihora elilodwa noma amabili. Kepha ngokuvamile kunamaseli ambalwa adlulisayo avela ngasikhathi sinye, ngakho-ke lo mkhuba ungahlala izinsuku.
Kwesinye isikhathi isiphepho ingaguqulela esimweni se-supercell, okuyisiphepho esikhulu esijikelezayo. Iyakwazi ukuqalisa uchungechunge lwemisinga eyehlayo neyehlayo kanye nemvula eningi. Kuyinto efana nesiphepho esihle kakhulu . Ngokuqukatha ama-vortice omoya amaningana, okungukuthi, umoya ozungeza isikhungo, ungaveza ama-waterspout neziphepho.
Kwakhiwa kanjani?
Ngakho-ke isiphepho singaba khona uhlelo lokucindezela oluphansi ludinga ukusondelana nengcindezi ephezulu. Owokuqala uzoba nokushisa okuphansi, kanti omunye uzofudumala. Lokhu kuqhathanisa okushisayo nezinye izakhiwo zenqwaba yomoya enomswakama kusungula ukuthuthukiswa kokunyuka nokwehla kweminyakazo ukukhiqiza imiphumela esingase siyithande noma singayithandi, njengemvula enamandla noma umoya, ingasaphathwa eyokushaqiswa kukagesi. Lokhu kukhishwa kwenzeka lapho i-voltage yokuwohloka komoya ifinyelelwa, lapho kukhiqizwa khona umbani. Kuyo, uma izimo zilungile, umbani nokuduma kungavela. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le nqubo, ungafunda mayelana indlela amafu orographic akha ngayo.
Izinhlobo zesiphepho
Yize zonke zakhiwe ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi ngendlela efanayo, ngokuya ngezimpawu zazo singahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana. Okubaluleke kakhulu yile:
Ezikagesi
Kungumkhuba wokuthi ibonakala ngokubakhona kombani nokuduma kwezulu, okuyimisindo ekhishwa abokuqala. Zisuka emafwini e-Cumulonimbus, futhi zihambisana nomoya onamandla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nemvula enkulu, iqhwa noma isichotho. Ukuze ujule kulesi simo, ungaphuthelwa ukuduma kwezulu okukhulu emhlabeni. Futhi, uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe umbani nokubunjwa kwawo, Lo mbhalo ungowakho.
Isihlabathi noma uthuli
Kuyisimo esenzeka ezindaweni ezomile nezingenamanzi omhlaba. Umoya ususa inqwaba yezinhlayiya ngejubane elingaphezulu kuka-40km / h, okungenzeka iphelele emazwenikazi akude kakhulu. Ungafunda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko esihlokweni esinikezelwe ku- izivunguvungu zesihlabathi eDubai.
Ngeqhwa noma isichotho
Kuyisiphepho lapho amanzi ewela khona ngesimo seqhwa noma isichotho. Ngokuya ngamandla ayo, singakhuluma ngokuwa kweqhwa okubuthakathaka noma okukhulu. Lapho ihambisana nokuvunguza komoya nesichotho, ibizwa ngeqhwa.
Kuyinto evamile kakhulu ebusika ezindaweni eziphakeme, njengoba isithwathwa sivamile kulezi zifunda. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngobudlelwano balezi zenzakalo neziphepho, ungathintana Ziyini iziphepho eziluhlaza?.
Okwezinto nezidalwa eziphilayo
Kwenzeka lapho umoya uphethe inhlanzi noma izinto, ngokwesibonelo, bese zigcina seziwele phansi. Isiphepho esinamandla kunazo zonke, futhi mhlawumbe esinye salezo esingathanda kancane ukusibona. Nakuba kungavamile, kukhona amarekhodi ezinto ezingavamile eziwa esibhakabhakeni phakathi nalezi ziphepho. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izenzakalo ezenzeka emoyeni, ungafunda ngazo Amafu eCumulonimbus.
Amapayipi amanzi
Yizinqwaba zamafu ajikeleza ngokushesha futhi ehlela ebusweni bomhlaba, olwandle noma echibini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-tornadic, okuyiziphepho ezakhiwa emanzini noma emhlabeni okwathi kamuva kwadlulela endaweni enamanzi, noma engeyona eye-tornadic. Ukuba khona kwangaphambilini kuncike kwi-mesocyclone, eyi-vortex yomoya engu-2 kuye ku-10km ububanzi evela ngaphakathi kwesiphepho esidlulayo futhi engadala umonakalo omkhulu ngemimoya ephezulu engu-510km / h; esimweni sokugcina, zakhiwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo samafu amakhulu e-cumulus futhi azinodlame kangako (imimoya yazo ephezulu ingu-116km / h).
Tornados
https://youtu.be/TEnbiRTqXUg
Ziyisisindo somoya esizungeza ngejubane eliphakeme elinomphetho ophansi othintana nobuso bomhlaba bese kuthi phezulu ngenhla ngefu le-cumulonimbus. Ngokuya ngesivinini sokujikeleza kanye nomonakalo owudalayo, ukuvunguza komoya okuphezulu kungaba ngu-60-117 km (F0) noma kufike ku-512/612 km/h (F6). Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokwakheka kwalezi zenzakalo, ungabheka isihloko esithi ukwakheka kwenkanyamba okuhlaba umxhwele.
